PCT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2022/2023 UPDATE
Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane(answer) Ultrafiltration
Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the
semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove waste this way*(answer)
Convection
Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane
from
*high* to *low* concentration(answer) Diffusion
Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration(answer) Osmosis
1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration)
2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion)
3) Acid/Base balance(answer) Kidneys excretory functions
1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system)
2) Erythropoiesis
3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation(answer) Kidneys endocrine functions
Function of Bicarbonate(answer) Maintains acid-base balance and
help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body
How do we replace *excretory* functions?(answer) Hemodialysis
removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes
electrolytes and metabolic acidosis
, PCT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2022/2023 UPDATE
1 /
19
Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron,
Antihyperten- sive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D,
Calcimetric agents(answer) - How we replace *endocrine* functions?
1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema
2) Hypertension
3) Chronic Heart Failure
4) Shortness of breath
5) Headaches(answer) Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance
Hypertension leads to(answer) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Why is sodium balance important?(answer) Sodium holds onto
water, thirst and blood pressure control
1) Extreme muscle weakness
2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady)
3) Wide QRS
4) Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
1. Fatigue
2. Muscle weakness
3. Respiratory failure
4. Irritable heart muscle
, PCT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2022/2023 UPDATE
2 /
19
5. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
6. Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia
15. Lack of Erythropoeitin(answer) Primary cause of anemia
16. Secondary Cause of anemia?(answer) blood loss
17. 1) Heparin lines are clamped
2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose
3) Proper priming(answer) How to prevent blood loss
18. What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by
fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain?(answer)
Pericarditis
19. 1) Lower heparin
2) More dialysis
ANSWERS 2022/2023 UPDATE
Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane(answer) Ultrafiltration
Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the
semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove waste this way*(answer)
Convection
Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane
from
*high* to *low* concentration(answer) Diffusion
Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration(answer) Osmosis
1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration)
2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion)
3) Acid/Base balance(answer) Kidneys excretory functions
1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system)
2) Erythropoiesis
3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation(answer) Kidneys endocrine functions
Function of Bicarbonate(answer) Maintains acid-base balance and
help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body
How do we replace *excretory* functions?(answer) Hemodialysis
removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes
electrolytes and metabolic acidosis
, PCT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2022/2023 UPDATE
1 /
19
Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron,
Antihyperten- sive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D,
Calcimetric agents(answer) - How we replace *endocrine* functions?
1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema
2) Hypertension
3) Chronic Heart Failure
4) Shortness of breath
5) Headaches(answer) Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance
Hypertension leads to(answer) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Why is sodium balance important?(answer) Sodium holds onto
water, thirst and blood pressure control
1) Extreme muscle weakness
2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady)
3) Wide QRS
4) Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia
1. Fatigue
2. Muscle weakness
3. Respiratory failure
4. Irritable heart muscle
, PCT FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 2022/2023 UPDATE
2 /
19
5. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
6. Cardia arrest(answer) Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia
15. Lack of Erythropoeitin(answer) Primary cause of anemia
16. Secondary Cause of anemia?(answer) blood loss
17. 1) Heparin lines are clamped
2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose
3) Proper priming(answer) How to prevent blood loss
18. What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by
fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain?(answer)
Pericarditis
19. 1) Lower heparin
2) More dialysis
