Fisdap Airway Management and Respiratory Emergencies Latest 2023 Graded A+

Fisdap Airway Management and Respiratory Emergencies Latest 2023 Graded A+ subcutaneous emphysema presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue traumatic asphyxia medical emergency caused by an intense compression of the thoracic cavity, causing venous back-flow from the right side of the heart into the veins of the neck and the brain. hyperresonance lower pitch on percussion of the body pulmonary edema caused by excessive fluid in the lungs Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Pain: chest cough: can be dry or with phlegm whole body: dizziness, fatigue, inability to exercise, or loss of appetite respiratory: fast breathing, shortness of breath at night, shortness of breath on exercise, or shortness of breath on lying down Gastrointestinal: water retention or bloating Also common: excess urination at night, sensation of an abnormal heartbeat, swollen feet, swollen legs, or weight gain How to Treat CHF 12 lead ECG, pulse oximetry, capnography, noninvasive blood pressure CPAP Pleural effusion abnormal amount of fluid around the lung causes: congestive heart failure CHF, pneumonia, liver disease (cirrhosis), end stage renal disease, nephrotic syndrome, cancer, pulmonary embolism, lupus and other autoimmune conditions Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) a disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform the function of ventilation umbrella term for: emphysema, chronic asthma, and chronic bronchitis Chronic Bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes causes a cough that normal brings up mucus causes shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness Emphysema gradually damages the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs, making you progressively more short of breath blue bloaters Bronchitis symptoms: chronic productive cough, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, mild dyspnea initially signs: cyanotic (secondary to hypoxemia and hypercapnia), peripheral edema, crackles, wheezes, frequently obese complications: secondary polycythemia, cor pulmonale pink puffers Emphysema symptoms: dyspnea, minimal cough, tachypnea signs: pink skin, pursed lip breathing, accessory muscle use, hyperinflation barrel chest, hyperresonan percussion, decreased breath sounds complications: pneumothorax, weight loss Pneumonia acute infection of the lung, including alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue Treatment for Asthma O2, nebulizer meds, sol Medrol, epi cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices. It causes these fluids to become thick and sticky. They then plug up tubes, ducts, and passageways. symptoms: cough, repeated lung infections, inability to gain weight, and fatty stools. Causes of Pulmonary edema CHF, burns, drowning tension pneumothorax air in the pleural space cannot escape, causing a build up of pressure and collapse of the lung tension hemothorax a collection of blood in the pleural space ARDS usually associated with infection pneumonia sepsis infection can damage the alveolo-capillary membrane treatment: use of positive pressure ventilation to support this patient who demonstrates signs of respiratory failure (CPAP) (PEEP) 10,30 rule breathing less than 10 more than 30 bag them Cor Pulmonale increased ETCO2 caused by: hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disorder of the lung. patient with COPD patient of long duration can cause pulmonary hypertension, which in turn may lead to this signs and symptoms: fainting spells during activity, chest discomfort, swelling of the feet or ankles, lung disorders, wheezing or coughing, cyanosis of lips or fingers Polycythemia means increased red blood cell volume can be linked to secondary causes such as chronic hypoxia Gastric distention bloating of the stomach when air is pumped into it can be done when someone is performing CPR Prevent by: don't blow hard, slow breathing, re-tilt head, inserting a gastric tube and suctioning the air and other stomach contents pulmonary embolism occurs when a clump of material, most often a blood clot, gets wedged into an artery in your lungs fat from marrow of a broken long bone air bubbles collagen or other tissue part of a tumor treatment for pulmonary embolism (PE) rapid transport chest pain (not cardiac) monitor and 12 lead (may also have a clot in the heart) hyperventilation (respiratory acidosis) pH: decreases PaCO2: increases HCO3:normal hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) pH: increases PaCO2: decreases HCO3:normal hyperventilation (metabolic acidosis) pH: decreases PaCO2: normal HCO3: decreases hyperventilation (metabolic alkalosis) pH: increases PaCO2: normal HCO3: increases Acidosis symptoms (central nervous system) headache, sleepiness, confusion, loss of consciousness, coma Acidosis symptoms (respiratory system) shortness of breath, coughing Acidosis symptoms (heart) arrhythmia, increased heart rate Acidosis symptoms (muscular system) seizures, weakness Acidosis symptoms (digestive system) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea alkalosis symptoms (central nervous system) confusion, light headedness, coma alkalosis symptoms (peripheral nervous system) hand tremor, numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet alkalosis symptoms (Muscular system) twitching, prolonged spasms alkalosis symptoms (digestive system) nausea, vomiting surfactant a compound secreted by the lungs that contributes to elastic properties of the pulmonary tissue cheyne stokes respirations progressively increased tidal volume, separated by periods of apnea at the end of expiration. typically seen in older patients with terminal illness or brain injury kussmauls respirations deep rapid breaths that result as a corrective measure against conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis that produce metabolic acidosis central neurogenic hyperventilation deep rapid breaths that are caused by strokes or injury to the brainstem. respiratory alkalosis is often seen ataxic (biots) pattern repeated episodes of gasping ventilations separated by periods of apnea. seen in patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) apneustic pattern long deep breaths that are stopped during the inspiratory phase and separated by periods of apnea. results from stroke or central nervous system disease snoring occurs when the upper airway is partially obstructed, usually by the tongue stridor harsh high pitched sound heard on inspiration and characteristic of an upper airway obstruction such a croup wheezing whistling sound due to narrowing of the airways by edema, bronchoconstriction, or foreign materials rhonchi rattling sounds in the large airways associated with associated with excessive mucus or other material crackles (rales) fine moist crackling sounds associated with fluid in the smaller airways pleural friction rub sounds like dried pieces of leather rubbing together. occurs when pleura become inflamed, as in pleurisy