Idaho POST - Detention Final Test 2022 with complete
solution
Explain the legal standards outlined in Graham v. Connor for the use of physical
force
Established Objective Reasonableness test; Particular use of force must be judged form
perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with 20/20 hindsight
Overarching case of use of force
Classify when deadly force would be objectively reasonable for a fleeing suspect
Use all necessary force for any fleeing felon
Such force may not be used; unless necessary to prevent and escape and officer has
probable cause to believe, suspect poses a significant threat of death, serious physical
injury to officers, or others.
Apply the legal standards in handling jail use of force situations.
Hudson V. Mcmillian, 112 S. Ct. 995 (1992)
Force applied in jail setting is acceptable, AS LONG as in good faith in order to restore
discipline.
Describe state laws authorizing the use of force and the degree to be used in
given situations
19-601: Taking person into custody by law
19-602: Actual restraint of defendant 19-610: What force may be used
18-4011: justifiable homicide by officer
Determine when deadly force is objectively reasonable
Use of deadly force shall not be justified in overcoming resistance unless officer has:
Probable cause to believe the resistance poses a threat of death or serious physical
injury to the officer or other persons
Or escape jail, or suspected of having committed a felony.
Explain the fundamentals in reporting a use of force incident
Facts, Refreshes your memory, Objective, not Subjective, Reports and templates,
Become proficient in articulating all facts related to a use of force
Determine the legal issues associated with the use of intermediate weapons,
such as striking instruments and chemical sprays
Their use must still be objectively reasonable
The greater the intrusion, the greater the governmental interest is needed to justify the
baton's use
No governmental interest in allowing a suspect to continue to suffer after they are under
control.
Not Without Risk
Intermediate weapons are CONTROL tools, not compliance tools.
NOT reasonable if under control.
Explain elements of “Deliberate Indifference” and how it applies in a use of force
situation
Arrestee's serious medical need violates due process, CUSTODY CREATES DUTY
Insufficient evidence that the officer was deliberately indifferent to positional asphyxia
,(Jones v. City of Cincinnati)
Failure to provide CPR may show deliberate indifference
Describe elements of “qualified immunity” and when it’s applicable
Based off of civil rather than criminal
First- permits officers ability to perform duties without fear of constantly defending
themselves
Second- allows plaintiff to recover damages when their rights are violated
Two elements
- Officer may receive immunity under either element
Did a constitutional violation occur?
This element focuses on the facts
Based on plaintiffs version- could a reasonable officer believe the force was
reasonable?
If no violation- no case- suit dismissed
Was the law clearly established?
This element focuses on the law
Identify pre-assault indicators that an inmate may display prior to an assault
No legal requirement to wait for the assault to occur- to use reasonable force
Verbal aggression- yelling, swearing
Change in posture
Face becomes red
1000 yard
Creates a false sense of security
Aggression redirected to something else
Articulate the decision making process in a use of force situation to include what is
needed to "W.I.N."
What's important now
Winning is about control, commitment
Deputies get killed- not agencies
Discuss post incident procedures after an extreme use of force event
Prepare now
Deputies survive shooting through training, training, and more training
Explain the two reasons fingerprints are used for identification and the important
historical events that are related to fingerprinting
No two fingers can make identical prints; No two fingers on one person can be identical
Henry Faulds-1878; First person to publicly suggest that fingerprints could be used to ID
criminals in 1880; Unique and stayed throughout a person's life
1903-Finger prints separated them, will and William west
1904- Leavenworth federal prison continues to collect fingerprints governments first
collection
Describe the various laws requiring fingerprinting and the submission of
fingerprints
I.C. 67-3004: Obtain and file fingerprints, physical descriptions other available
identifying data on person who have been arrested for a retainable offense.
I.C. 67-3002: To ensure positive identification and system integrity, criminal history
records shall be supported by fingerprints.
,I.C. 67-3005: Each criminal justice agency will transmit to the department.. all
information required by section 67-3001 (4)
Define Friction ridge skin including its location and when it is formed.
Friction ridges contain pores that secret sweat, that coats ridges
Begin to develop in the 3rd and 4th months of fetal life
Palms, Fingertips, and bottom of feet
Furrows; spaces between raised sections
Basal layer must be destroyed in order to change fingerprints
Recognize the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and livescan,
and how they both relate to taking good fingerprints
Compares all new ten-print cards submitted against the ten-print files.
Compares all latent prints entered for search against the ten-print file.
Filing system for fingerprint cards.
Ten-print cards can be entered and retrieved faster, cards can be filed by state
identification numbers (SID), latent fingerprints can be searched faster, stored, and
researched at a later date.
The Livescan (tool for collecting prints) assigns TCN numbers to cards
AFIS/ABIS allows us to search different ways.
Describe the cards that are submitted to BCI
Maintains the state's central repository of criminal history and information
What happens to cards that are submitted
Checked through the Idaho system
If not in the system, generate new SID number
AFIS staff scan new prints into the system
Records enter new information and updates old files
Process Control number (PCN) number is entered for that charge
-Assigned by computer livescan
-Previously called the fingerprint card number (FBI-TCN)
Courts send disposition to the BCI, they then attach the disposition to the charge and
update the Criminal History Record.
Recognize the three basic pattern classifications and identify minutia
Fingerprint occurrences
Some patterns occur more than others:
Arches (approximately 5%)
Loops (approximately 60%)
Whorls (approximately 35%)
Loop
Left slant, right slant
Whorl
Divided into four sub groups- Plain whorl, central pocket, loop, double loops, accidental
Arch
Divided into two groups: Plain and tented
Ave-V
Scientific analysis
When making comparisons, only three conclusions can be drawn:
, Individualization
To be identical ridges must be alike in every detail with same position
Exclusion
Inconclusive - Without clear and sufficient ridge detail to make a individualization,
insufficient exemplars, not sufficient in amount of agreement
Examiners rely on the known prints you produce in order to conduct comparisons.
Galton Details/ Minutia
Part of identification is made by comparing the friction ridge details (Galton/Minutia) is
one print with that of another (unknown/known)
Explain the Criminal and Applicant Fingerprint cards and the mandatory
information that needs to be on each
Required fields on fingerprint cards
Name (NAM)(Criminal and Civil)
Originating Agency Identifier (ORI)(Criminal and civil)
Date of birth (DOB)(Criminal and Civil)
Race
Sex
Height
Weight
Charge (Criminal)
Fingerprint impression (Criminal and Civil)
Reason Fingerprinted (Civil)
Complete cards in BLACK ink only
Write or type legibly
Complete all required fields of the card
Do not use HIGHLIGHTER or white out on arrest cards
If mistake is made us one line to cross it out and write the correct information
Employer and occupation is a great too, use it professionally.
Describe what it means to effectively communicate with inmates
Refers to all kinds of verbal situations
We communicate to inform, persuade, indicate action, public speaking and verbal self
defense
Define the four goals of effective communication
#1- Establish and maintain a safer jail by your own behavior and presence
#2- Deal with verbal violence efficiently and effectively
#3- Decrease inmate complaints
#4- Decrease stress.
Explain how to properly de-escalate a situation with an inmate through effective
communication
Verbal de-escalation is:
-Communication
-Negotiation
Verbal de-escaltion is communication and negotiation
Managing behavior, controlling behavior, decisions and consequence, controlled
presence,
Convincing they cannot get what they want through violence.
solution
Explain the legal standards outlined in Graham v. Connor for the use of physical
force
Established Objective Reasonableness test; Particular use of force must be judged form
perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with 20/20 hindsight
Overarching case of use of force
Classify when deadly force would be objectively reasonable for a fleeing suspect
Use all necessary force for any fleeing felon
Such force may not be used; unless necessary to prevent and escape and officer has
probable cause to believe, suspect poses a significant threat of death, serious physical
injury to officers, or others.
Apply the legal standards in handling jail use of force situations.
Hudson V. Mcmillian, 112 S. Ct. 995 (1992)
Force applied in jail setting is acceptable, AS LONG as in good faith in order to restore
discipline.
Describe state laws authorizing the use of force and the degree to be used in
given situations
19-601: Taking person into custody by law
19-602: Actual restraint of defendant 19-610: What force may be used
18-4011: justifiable homicide by officer
Determine when deadly force is objectively reasonable
Use of deadly force shall not be justified in overcoming resistance unless officer has:
Probable cause to believe the resistance poses a threat of death or serious physical
injury to the officer or other persons
Or escape jail, or suspected of having committed a felony.
Explain the fundamentals in reporting a use of force incident
Facts, Refreshes your memory, Objective, not Subjective, Reports and templates,
Become proficient in articulating all facts related to a use of force
Determine the legal issues associated with the use of intermediate weapons,
such as striking instruments and chemical sprays
Their use must still be objectively reasonable
The greater the intrusion, the greater the governmental interest is needed to justify the
baton's use
No governmental interest in allowing a suspect to continue to suffer after they are under
control.
Not Without Risk
Intermediate weapons are CONTROL tools, not compliance tools.
NOT reasonable if under control.
Explain elements of “Deliberate Indifference” and how it applies in a use of force
situation
Arrestee's serious medical need violates due process, CUSTODY CREATES DUTY
Insufficient evidence that the officer was deliberately indifferent to positional asphyxia
,(Jones v. City of Cincinnati)
Failure to provide CPR may show deliberate indifference
Describe elements of “qualified immunity” and when it’s applicable
Based off of civil rather than criminal
First- permits officers ability to perform duties without fear of constantly defending
themselves
Second- allows plaintiff to recover damages when their rights are violated
Two elements
- Officer may receive immunity under either element
Did a constitutional violation occur?
This element focuses on the facts
Based on plaintiffs version- could a reasonable officer believe the force was
reasonable?
If no violation- no case- suit dismissed
Was the law clearly established?
This element focuses on the law
Identify pre-assault indicators that an inmate may display prior to an assault
No legal requirement to wait for the assault to occur- to use reasonable force
Verbal aggression- yelling, swearing
Change in posture
Face becomes red
1000 yard
Creates a false sense of security
Aggression redirected to something else
Articulate the decision making process in a use of force situation to include what is
needed to "W.I.N."
What's important now
Winning is about control, commitment
Deputies get killed- not agencies
Discuss post incident procedures after an extreme use of force event
Prepare now
Deputies survive shooting through training, training, and more training
Explain the two reasons fingerprints are used for identification and the important
historical events that are related to fingerprinting
No two fingers can make identical prints; No two fingers on one person can be identical
Henry Faulds-1878; First person to publicly suggest that fingerprints could be used to ID
criminals in 1880; Unique and stayed throughout a person's life
1903-Finger prints separated them, will and William west
1904- Leavenworth federal prison continues to collect fingerprints governments first
collection
Describe the various laws requiring fingerprinting and the submission of
fingerprints
I.C. 67-3004: Obtain and file fingerprints, physical descriptions other available
identifying data on person who have been arrested for a retainable offense.
I.C. 67-3002: To ensure positive identification and system integrity, criminal history
records shall be supported by fingerprints.
,I.C. 67-3005: Each criminal justice agency will transmit to the department.. all
information required by section 67-3001 (4)
Define Friction ridge skin including its location and when it is formed.
Friction ridges contain pores that secret sweat, that coats ridges
Begin to develop in the 3rd and 4th months of fetal life
Palms, Fingertips, and bottom of feet
Furrows; spaces between raised sections
Basal layer must be destroyed in order to change fingerprints
Recognize the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and livescan,
and how they both relate to taking good fingerprints
Compares all new ten-print cards submitted against the ten-print files.
Compares all latent prints entered for search against the ten-print file.
Filing system for fingerprint cards.
Ten-print cards can be entered and retrieved faster, cards can be filed by state
identification numbers (SID), latent fingerprints can be searched faster, stored, and
researched at a later date.
The Livescan (tool for collecting prints) assigns TCN numbers to cards
AFIS/ABIS allows us to search different ways.
Describe the cards that are submitted to BCI
Maintains the state's central repository of criminal history and information
What happens to cards that are submitted
Checked through the Idaho system
If not in the system, generate new SID number
AFIS staff scan new prints into the system
Records enter new information and updates old files
Process Control number (PCN) number is entered for that charge
-Assigned by computer livescan
-Previously called the fingerprint card number (FBI-TCN)
Courts send disposition to the BCI, they then attach the disposition to the charge and
update the Criminal History Record.
Recognize the three basic pattern classifications and identify minutia
Fingerprint occurrences
Some patterns occur more than others:
Arches (approximately 5%)
Loops (approximately 60%)
Whorls (approximately 35%)
Loop
Left slant, right slant
Whorl
Divided into four sub groups- Plain whorl, central pocket, loop, double loops, accidental
Arch
Divided into two groups: Plain and tented
Ave-V
Scientific analysis
When making comparisons, only three conclusions can be drawn:
, Individualization
To be identical ridges must be alike in every detail with same position
Exclusion
Inconclusive - Without clear and sufficient ridge detail to make a individualization,
insufficient exemplars, not sufficient in amount of agreement
Examiners rely on the known prints you produce in order to conduct comparisons.
Galton Details/ Minutia
Part of identification is made by comparing the friction ridge details (Galton/Minutia) is
one print with that of another (unknown/known)
Explain the Criminal and Applicant Fingerprint cards and the mandatory
information that needs to be on each
Required fields on fingerprint cards
Name (NAM)(Criminal and Civil)
Originating Agency Identifier (ORI)(Criminal and civil)
Date of birth (DOB)(Criminal and Civil)
Race
Sex
Height
Weight
Charge (Criminal)
Fingerprint impression (Criminal and Civil)
Reason Fingerprinted (Civil)
Complete cards in BLACK ink only
Write or type legibly
Complete all required fields of the card
Do not use HIGHLIGHTER or white out on arrest cards
If mistake is made us one line to cross it out and write the correct information
Employer and occupation is a great too, use it professionally.
Describe what it means to effectively communicate with inmates
Refers to all kinds of verbal situations
We communicate to inform, persuade, indicate action, public speaking and verbal self
defense
Define the four goals of effective communication
#1- Establish and maintain a safer jail by your own behavior and presence
#2- Deal with verbal violence efficiently and effectively
#3- Decrease inmate complaints
#4- Decrease stress.
Explain how to properly de-escalate a situation with an inmate through effective
communication
Verbal de-escalation is:
-Communication
-Negotiation
Verbal de-escaltion is communication and negotiation
Managing behavior, controlling behavior, decisions and consequence, controlled
presence,
Convincing they cannot get what they want through violence.
