NR 228 Final Exam 2023- Questions and Answers

What are some causes of fluid retention? (select all that apply) - answerA. Excess sodium/sodium retention B. Kwashiorkor C. Water intoxication What can cause a sodium deficiency? (select all that apply) A. Dehydration B. Hypernatremia C. Diarrhea D. Liver Disease - answerA. Dehydration C. Diarrhea What are some ways to treat GERD? A. Lay down after meals B. Avoid big meals C. Avoid tight clothing D. Avoid high fat foods E. Eat chocolate to ease stomach - answerB, C, D Which of the following are monosaccharides? A. Glucose B. Sucruose C. Fructose D. Galactose E. Maltose - answerA, C, D Which of the following are disaccharides? A. Glucose B. Sucrose C. Maltose D. Galactose E. Lactose - answerB, C, E Glucose is the main source of energy for ___? - answerthe brain and nerves What is the sweetest artificial sweetener? - answerSunette Which of the following are sources of complex carbohydrates? (select all that apply) A. Grapes B. Grains C. Legumes D. Apples E. Potatoes - answerB,C,E What complications are related to gestational diabetes? (select all that apply) A. premature birth B. congenital abnormalities C. fetal death D. type 2 diabetes later in mother E. macrosomia - answerA. premature birth B. congenital abnormalities C. fetal death D. type 2 diabetes later in mother E. macrosomia What could cause infant hypoglycemia? - answerWhen the mother had consistently high blood sugar during pregnancy so the baby gets used to having high blood sugar and gets used to producing high levels of insulin What are the fat soluble vitamins? - answerA, D, E, K What are some food sources for monounsaturated fatty acids? - answerolive oil, peanuts, avocado, canola oil What are some food sources for polyunsaturated fatty acids? - answervegetable oils, fish, margarine, What type of cholesterol increases risk of CAD when elevated? - answerLDL Where are nonessential amino acids found? - answercreated in the body When is a positive nitrogen balance common? - answergrowing children, pregnant women, people recovering from illness or injury When is a negative nitrogen balance common? - answeraging adults, physical illness, extreme stress, starvation, surgery, eating disorders What effect does the acid- base balance have on proteins? - answerif acid- base balance gets off then proteins become denatured and are not able to perform their usual functions Whats the function of hemoglobin? - answertransports oxygen in the blood What is a complete protein? - answercontains all nine essential amino acids What are some food sources for complete proteins? (select all that apply). A. Meats B. Dark green veggies C. Eggs D. Dairy products E. Fruits - answerA, C, D What are high quality proteins? - answercontain best balance of essential amino acids and are easily digested What are food sources for high quality protein? - answerEggs, human milk What is an incomplete protein? - answerlacks one or more EAA and will not support life What are some incomplete proteins? - answerplant foods What is a vegan? - answerNo animal products at all What is a lacto-vegetarian? - answerno animal products except dairy Whats an ovo-lacto vegetarian? - answerno animal products except dairy and egs What is marasmus? A. Lack of protein while get adequate caloric intake B. Deficient caloric intake, skin hangs on skin C. Wasting Syndrome D. Dumping syndrome - answerB What is Kwashiorkor? A. Lack of protein while get adequate caloric intake B. Deficient caloric intake, skin hangs on skin C. Wasting Syndrome D. Dumping syndrome - answerA Beriberi is related to what vitamin deficiency? - answerB1 Thiamine What are some food sources of B1 Thiamine? - answerlean pork, whole grains and flours, legumes, seeds and nuts What is Beriberi? - answerBi Thiamine deficiency. Ataxia and tachycardia What are some food sources for Folate? - answerleafy green veggies, legumes, fortified grain cereals What is Scurvy? - answerVitamin C deficiency, gingivitis, joint and limb aches, bruising, death What is the cause of Rickets? - answerVitamin D deficiency What are some food sources for Vitamin D? - answeranimal related foods (butter, egg, liver) What are some possible complications of Iodine Deficiency? - answerCretinism in pregnancy, goiter What is viral hepatitis? - answerinflammation of the liver cause by mono or another viral infection How is hep A transmitted? - answeroral-fecal How is Hep B transmitted? - answersexual contact or blood How is Hep C transmitted? - answerblood, saliva, semen How is Hep D transmitted? - answerfrom Hep B virus How is Hep E transmitted? - answeroral fecal