REC 2250 Final Exam 2023
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
A non-degenerative insult to the brain from an external force leading to impairment(s) in
functioning
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
A degenerative disorder of the brain found in those with a history of repetitive brain
trauma; often seen in athletes and veterans.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
A scale used to assess the consciousness of a patient upon physical examination,
typically in patients with neurological concerns or complaints, such as those with TBI.
Concussion
Injury to the brain caused by a blow; GCS indicates mild level injury scoring 13-15
Blast Injuries (bTBI)
Common TBI; signature wound of Afghanistan & Iraq wars; increased risk of hearing
loss, tinnitus, & PTSD
Common Types of TBI
Shaken-Baby Syndrome
Penetrating Injuries
Acceleration-Deceleration Injuries
bTBI
Age groups likely to sustain a TBI
0-4
15-19
65+
#1 Cause of TBI
Falls
Common Issues with TBI
Memory, Sequencing,Time Mgmt.
Balance, Coordination, Fatigue
Anger, Impulse Control
Isolation, Poor Social Judgement
Decrease/Change in Leisure
Ranchos Los Amigos
Levels of responses for assessing Cognitive Functioning
Early: (levels 1-3) alertness, attn, general to localize response
Middle: (levels 4-5) confused, agitated to confused inappropriate agitated response
Late: (levels 6-8) confused, appropriate to automatic to purposeful appropriate response
When a CTRS is playing a board game with someone with a TBI (post traumatic
amnesia state) to work on sequencing, it is important to remember to...
Use a quiet environment with minimal distractions
Top 3 causes of PTSD
1. Military combat & captivity
2. Genocide, mass violence
3. Rape, prolonged abuse/neglect
Symptoms of Adults with PTSD
, Avoidance, anhedonia, hyper-arousal, nightmares
Behavioral characteristics common in children with PTSD
Bed-wetting, nightmares, difficulties with verbal expression, acting out trauma during
play
Overall therapeutic recreation goal when working with individuals with PTSD
Maximize emotional adjustment through leisure activities
3 Basic Components of Therapeutic Recreation
1. Purposeful
2. Recreation Activity
3. Maximize Quality of Life
Heart Disease
The leading cause of death in the U.S.
The Roseto Mystery
A sense of community helps with heart health
Walking Club
A potential therapeutic recreation intervention for someone recovering from a heart
attack
Dog Ownership
Is associated with a 31% lower risk of death by heart attack or stroke compared to non-
owners.
Heart Arrhythmia
Irregular heartbeat
Risk Factors for Heart Attack
Poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, stress, hypertension, diabetes
Optimism
Lowers blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels
F.A.S.T.
Face (drooping), Arm (weakness), Speech (difficulty), Time to call 911
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time
Ischemic stroke
A stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
Music
Used as a therapeutic intervention for those who have had a stroke to increase
cognition, mood, and work on movement.
Cardiomyopathy
The heart is unable to pump blood properly because of thinned and weakened walls
Ischemic Embolism
A blood clot that develops somewhere in the body's vascular system and travels to the
brain and blocks blood flow
Ischemic Thrombosis
A blood clot that develops in the brain
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
A non-degenerative insult to the brain from an external force leading to impairment(s) in
functioning
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
A degenerative disorder of the brain found in those with a history of repetitive brain
trauma; often seen in athletes and veterans.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
A scale used to assess the consciousness of a patient upon physical examination,
typically in patients with neurological concerns or complaints, such as those with TBI.
Concussion
Injury to the brain caused by a blow; GCS indicates mild level injury scoring 13-15
Blast Injuries (bTBI)
Common TBI; signature wound of Afghanistan & Iraq wars; increased risk of hearing
loss, tinnitus, & PTSD
Common Types of TBI
Shaken-Baby Syndrome
Penetrating Injuries
Acceleration-Deceleration Injuries
bTBI
Age groups likely to sustain a TBI
0-4
15-19
65+
#1 Cause of TBI
Falls
Common Issues with TBI
Memory, Sequencing,Time Mgmt.
Balance, Coordination, Fatigue
Anger, Impulse Control
Isolation, Poor Social Judgement
Decrease/Change in Leisure
Ranchos Los Amigos
Levels of responses for assessing Cognitive Functioning
Early: (levels 1-3) alertness, attn, general to localize response
Middle: (levels 4-5) confused, agitated to confused inappropriate agitated response
Late: (levels 6-8) confused, appropriate to automatic to purposeful appropriate response
When a CTRS is playing a board game with someone with a TBI (post traumatic
amnesia state) to work on sequencing, it is important to remember to...
Use a quiet environment with minimal distractions
Top 3 causes of PTSD
1. Military combat & captivity
2. Genocide, mass violence
3. Rape, prolonged abuse/neglect
Symptoms of Adults with PTSD
, Avoidance, anhedonia, hyper-arousal, nightmares
Behavioral characteristics common in children with PTSD
Bed-wetting, nightmares, difficulties with verbal expression, acting out trauma during
play
Overall therapeutic recreation goal when working with individuals with PTSD
Maximize emotional adjustment through leisure activities
3 Basic Components of Therapeutic Recreation
1. Purposeful
2. Recreation Activity
3. Maximize Quality of Life
Heart Disease
The leading cause of death in the U.S.
The Roseto Mystery
A sense of community helps with heart health
Walking Club
A potential therapeutic recreation intervention for someone recovering from a heart
attack
Dog Ownership
Is associated with a 31% lower risk of death by heart attack or stroke compared to non-
owners.
Heart Arrhythmia
Irregular heartbeat
Risk Factors for Heart Attack
Poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, stress, hypertension, diabetes
Optimism
Lowers blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels
F.A.S.T.
Face (drooping), Arm (weakness), Speech (difficulty), Time to call 911
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time
Ischemic stroke
A stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
Music
Used as a therapeutic intervention for those who have had a stroke to increase
cognition, mood, and work on movement.
Cardiomyopathy
The heart is unable to pump blood properly because of thinned and weakened walls
Ischemic Embolism
A blood clot that develops somewhere in the body's vascular system and travels to the
brain and blocks blood flow
Ischemic Thrombosis
A blood clot that develops in the brain
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
