Leadership and Behavioral Decision
Making
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Leadership ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Are leaders born or made? ................................................................................................................................... 7
What we know about leadership ......................................................................................................................... 7
State of leadership theory .................................................................................................................................... 8
Leadership training vs. development ................................................................................................................... 8
Mindful engagement model ................................................................................................................................. 9
Hearing feedback ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Challenge & support ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Traits & Behaviors .................................................................................................................................... 11
What are traits? ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Brief history of trait research ............................................................................................................................. 11
List of traits associated with leadership – recent review ................................................................................... 11
Zooming in on personality dimensions ............................................................................................................... 12
Honesty-humility............................................................................................................................................ 12
Emotionality ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Extraversion ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Agreeableness ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Conscientiousness.......................................................................................................................................... 13
Openness to experience ................................................................................................................................ 13
Intelligence ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Can you be too high on a desirable factor?........................................................................................................ 14
Reflection questions ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Does context matter ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Context does matter ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Personal development ........................................................................................................................................ 17
From traits to behaviors: “integrated” or “process” model ............................................................................... 17
Exercise: leader behavior.................................................................................................................................... 17
Full-range leadership model ............................................................................................................................... 18
Transactional leadership ................................................................................................................................ 18
Instrumental leadership................................................................................................................................. 19
Transformational leadership ......................................................................................................................... 20
Criticism of the full range model ........................................................................................................................ 20
Charisma .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Origins of charismatic leadership ....................................................................................................................... 21
2
, Contemporary origins of charismatic leadership ............................................................................................... 21
Charismatic leadership in management ............................................................................................................ 21
A motivational theory of charisma ..................................................................................................................... 22
Can you develop your charisma ......................................................................................................................... 22
What is charisma? Definitions............................................................................................................................ 22
Charisma in practise ........................................................................................................................................... 22
CLTs – 1. Stories & Anecdotes ............................................................................................................................ 23
CLTs – 2. Metaphors & comparisons .................................................................................................................. 23
CLTs – 3. Contrasts ............................................................................................................................................. 23
CLTs – 4. Lists ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
CLTs – 5. Repetitions........................................................................................................................................... 23
CLTs – 6. Rhetorical questions ............................................................................................................................ 23
CLTs – 7. Moral conviction.................................................................................................................................. 24
CLTs – 8. Sentiments of the collective ................................................................................................................ 24
CLTs- 9. Setting high and ambitious goals ......................................................................................................... 24
CLTs – 10. Confidence in the vision and goals .................................................................................................... 24
CLTs – 11. Delivery techniques ........................................................................................................................... 24
Do CLTs work? .................................................................................................................................................... 25
Leader-Follower distance ................................................................................................................................... 25
Charisma across culture ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Charisma is not enough ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Are leaders committed to their vision ................................................................................................................ 26
Want to develop your charisma ......................................................................................................................... 26
Context & culture ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Context: “interactionalist” perspective .............................................................................................................. 26
Historical perspective on context ....................................................................................................................... 26
Contingency theory ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Situational leadership theory ........................................................................................................................ 27
Substitutes for leadership .............................................................................................................................. 28
Contemporary perspective on context ............................................................................................................... 28
Leadership categorization theory....................................................................................................................... 29
Culture as a filtering mechanism........................................................................................................................ 29
Why does national culture matter in this class? ................................................................................................ 29
Hofstede cultural values ..................................................................................................................................... 30
GLOBE: universally positive leader attributes .................................................................................................... 30
Cross cultural differences in leadership behavior............................................................................................... 30
Cross cultural differences in leadership styles / behaviors................................................................................. 31
3
, Social identity & Followership ................................................................................................................... 31
Robbers cave experiment ................................................................................................................................... 31
Identity & Social identity .................................................................................................................................... 31
Social identity theory .......................................................................................................................................... 31
A social theory of leadership .............................................................................................................................. 32
Group prototypicality ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Followers’ group identification........................................................................................................................... 32
Are there leaders without followers? ................................................................................................................. 32
Operationalization.............................................................................................................................................. 33
Why follow?........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Kelley (1992) typology of followers .................................................................................................................... 33
Chaleff (1995, 2009) typology ............................................................................................................................ 34
Bad followership ................................................................................................................................................. 34
Speaking up ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
Evidence-based decision making ............................................................................................................... 35
Step 1: ASKING.................................................................................................................................................... 35
Step 2: ACQUIRING ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Step 3: APPRAISING ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Step 4: AGGREGATING ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Critically appraising experiential evidence ......................................................................................................... 35
Organizational data ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Critically appraising quantitative organizational data ...................................................................................... 36
Critically appraising organizational data ........................................................................................................... 36
Scientific evidence .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Stakeholder values and concerns – .................................................................................................................... 37
Step 5: APPLYING................................................................................................................................................ 37
Step 6: ASSESSING .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Develop an evidence-based identity, be true to it, but don’t become an extremist .......................................... 38
A history of EBP .................................................................................................................................................. 38
What is evidence-based practice? The official/established view ....................................................................... 39
3 key differences between EBP and what is already done ................................................................................. 39
How much EBP is going on in management and HR? ........................................................................................ 40
Practice example: is there too much working from home? ............................................................................... 40
Element 1: practitioner’s professional experience ........................................................................................ 41
Element 2: organizational data ...................................................................................................................... 41
Element 3: scientific literature ...................................................................................................................... 42
4
Making
1
,Inhoudsopgave
Leadership ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Are leaders born or made? ................................................................................................................................... 7
What we know about leadership ......................................................................................................................... 7
State of leadership theory .................................................................................................................................... 8
Leadership training vs. development ................................................................................................................... 8
Mindful engagement model ................................................................................................................................. 9
Hearing feedback ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Challenge & support ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Traits & Behaviors .................................................................................................................................... 11
What are traits? ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Brief history of trait research ............................................................................................................................. 11
List of traits associated with leadership – recent review ................................................................................... 11
Zooming in on personality dimensions ............................................................................................................... 12
Honesty-humility............................................................................................................................................ 12
Emotionality ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Extraversion ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Agreeableness ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Conscientiousness.......................................................................................................................................... 13
Openness to experience ................................................................................................................................ 13
Intelligence ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Can you be too high on a desirable factor?........................................................................................................ 14
Reflection questions ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Does context matter ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Context does matter ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Personal development ........................................................................................................................................ 17
From traits to behaviors: “integrated” or “process” model ............................................................................... 17
Exercise: leader behavior.................................................................................................................................... 17
Full-range leadership model ............................................................................................................................... 18
Transactional leadership ................................................................................................................................ 18
Instrumental leadership................................................................................................................................. 19
Transformational leadership ......................................................................................................................... 20
Criticism of the full range model ........................................................................................................................ 20
Charisma .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Origins of charismatic leadership ....................................................................................................................... 21
2
, Contemporary origins of charismatic leadership ............................................................................................... 21
Charismatic leadership in management ............................................................................................................ 21
A motivational theory of charisma ..................................................................................................................... 22
Can you develop your charisma ......................................................................................................................... 22
What is charisma? Definitions............................................................................................................................ 22
Charisma in practise ........................................................................................................................................... 22
CLTs – 1. Stories & Anecdotes ............................................................................................................................ 23
CLTs – 2. Metaphors & comparisons .................................................................................................................. 23
CLTs – 3. Contrasts ............................................................................................................................................. 23
CLTs – 4. Lists ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
CLTs – 5. Repetitions........................................................................................................................................... 23
CLTs – 6. Rhetorical questions ............................................................................................................................ 23
CLTs – 7. Moral conviction.................................................................................................................................. 24
CLTs – 8. Sentiments of the collective ................................................................................................................ 24
CLTs- 9. Setting high and ambitious goals ......................................................................................................... 24
CLTs – 10. Confidence in the vision and goals .................................................................................................... 24
CLTs – 11. Delivery techniques ........................................................................................................................... 24
Do CLTs work? .................................................................................................................................................... 25
Leader-Follower distance ................................................................................................................................... 25
Charisma across culture ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Charisma is not enough ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Are leaders committed to their vision ................................................................................................................ 26
Want to develop your charisma ......................................................................................................................... 26
Context & culture ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Context: “interactionalist” perspective .............................................................................................................. 26
Historical perspective on context ....................................................................................................................... 26
Contingency theory ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Situational leadership theory ........................................................................................................................ 27
Substitutes for leadership .............................................................................................................................. 28
Contemporary perspective on context ............................................................................................................... 28
Leadership categorization theory....................................................................................................................... 29
Culture as a filtering mechanism........................................................................................................................ 29
Why does national culture matter in this class? ................................................................................................ 29
Hofstede cultural values ..................................................................................................................................... 30
GLOBE: universally positive leader attributes .................................................................................................... 30
Cross cultural differences in leadership behavior............................................................................................... 30
Cross cultural differences in leadership styles / behaviors................................................................................. 31
3
, Social identity & Followership ................................................................................................................... 31
Robbers cave experiment ................................................................................................................................... 31
Identity & Social identity .................................................................................................................................... 31
Social identity theory .......................................................................................................................................... 31
A social theory of leadership .............................................................................................................................. 32
Group prototypicality ......................................................................................................................................... 32
Followers’ group identification........................................................................................................................... 32
Are there leaders without followers? ................................................................................................................. 32
Operationalization.............................................................................................................................................. 33
Why follow?........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Kelley (1992) typology of followers .................................................................................................................... 33
Chaleff (1995, 2009) typology ............................................................................................................................ 34
Bad followership ................................................................................................................................................. 34
Speaking up ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
Evidence-based decision making ............................................................................................................... 35
Step 1: ASKING.................................................................................................................................................... 35
Step 2: ACQUIRING ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Step 3: APPRAISING ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Step 4: AGGREGATING ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Critically appraising experiential evidence ......................................................................................................... 35
Organizational data ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Critically appraising quantitative organizational data ...................................................................................... 36
Critically appraising organizational data ........................................................................................................... 36
Scientific evidence .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Stakeholder values and concerns – .................................................................................................................... 37
Step 5: APPLYING................................................................................................................................................ 37
Step 6: ASSESSING .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Develop an evidence-based identity, be true to it, but don’t become an extremist .......................................... 38
A history of EBP .................................................................................................................................................. 38
What is evidence-based practice? The official/established view ....................................................................... 39
3 key differences between EBP and what is already done ................................................................................. 39
How much EBP is going on in management and HR? ........................................................................................ 40
Practice example: is there too much working from home? ............................................................................... 40
Element 1: practitioner’s professional experience ........................................................................................ 41
Element 2: organizational data ...................................................................................................................... 41
Element 3: scientific literature ...................................................................................................................... 42
4
