AP World History Unit 5 with complete solution
Seven Years War 1756-1763
England vs. France
England wins India and midwest territories in the US
Both countries raised taxes
The Englightenment
liberal movement that applied Scientific Revolution to everyday life; most philosophers
were French
John Locke
most influential to Revolutions/Declarations; believed people are born good, have
natural rights, limited government, citizens have duty to overthrow bad governments
Jean Jacques Rousseau
believed in minimum government control, collective good, hated oppression, valued the
majority
Thomas Hobbes
not as liberal; wrote Leviathan; believed in social order because people were born bad
Montesquieu
believed in division of government powers
Voltaire
inspired 1st Amendment: freedom of religion, speech, and press; was against
monarchy, brought ideas from China
despots
Catherine the Great of Russia & Frederick of Prussia; patronized the Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
believed in earning opportunity through merit not heredity
English colonial problems post-1763
conflict with Natives over fur trade / taxation without representation / Proclamation of
1763 & Quebec Act 1774
new colonial taxes
Stamp Act: on everyday products
Townshend Act: on goods from Europe used in small businesses
Tea tax: East Indian Company had monopoly on Indian tea
Sons of Liberty
at front of protests against British
Boston Massacre 1770
colonial propaganda against the British; 5 civilians killed by British soldiers
"Common Sense"
written by Thomas Paine to spur revolution among colonists
Intolerable Acts
punishment for NE colonies after Boston Tea Party.
1- Boston harbor shut down/regulated by British
2- Marshall law (British military runs government)
Continental Congress
1775; formed army with General Washington; tried to implement colonial currency
loyalists
, supported by slaves & Amerindians
American allies
France (navy, training, resources)
Spain & Netherlands (weapons)
Battle of Yorktown
1778, Washington defeats Cornwallis
Treaty of Paris 1783
officially ended the American Revolution, Britain recognized US as independent
Articles of Confederation
aimed at keeping national government weak, short term president, no taxes;
accomplished nothing
Constitutional Convention 1787
formed new and improved US Constitution: taxes, majority vote, centralized
Estates General
First Estate: clergy
Second Estate: nobles
Third Estate: peasants, merchants, artisans, bourgeoisie 98% of population
National Assembly
collectively unifies Third Estate, wrote up Declaration of Rights of Man, was called for
arrest
"French disease"
Austria and Prussia threatened to interfere in French Revolution, National Assembly
declared war on them in 1971
Storming of Bastille
July 14, 1789:
beginning of French Revolution
guillotine
"humane" execution method, symbol of violent French revolution
The Terror
1793-1794: Robespierre's ruthless, bloody, dictatorial rule of the French Revolution
National Convention
radical liberal group (Jacobins & Girondists & more extreme Mountain faction), hated
the Church
Maximilien Robespierre
leader of National Convention Mountain faction; executed anyone who supported
monarchy, eventually arrested and executed
The Directory
5 man group elected after The Terror; got nothing done
Napoleon Bonaparte
popular authoritarianism; limited Church; liberal reforms; forced French culture upon
conquered people; repressed women & freedoms of speech/press
Gens de Couler
free colored people in Haiti who led Haitian Revolution
Saint Dominique
sugar production = brutal slavery & wealth
Toussaint Louverture
Seven Years War 1756-1763
England vs. France
England wins India and midwest territories in the US
Both countries raised taxes
The Englightenment
liberal movement that applied Scientific Revolution to everyday life; most philosophers
were French
John Locke
most influential to Revolutions/Declarations; believed people are born good, have
natural rights, limited government, citizens have duty to overthrow bad governments
Jean Jacques Rousseau
believed in minimum government control, collective good, hated oppression, valued the
majority
Thomas Hobbes
not as liberal; wrote Leviathan; believed in social order because people were born bad
Montesquieu
believed in division of government powers
Voltaire
inspired 1st Amendment: freedom of religion, speech, and press; was against
monarchy, brought ideas from China
despots
Catherine the Great of Russia & Frederick of Prussia; patronized the Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
believed in earning opportunity through merit not heredity
English colonial problems post-1763
conflict with Natives over fur trade / taxation without representation / Proclamation of
1763 & Quebec Act 1774
new colonial taxes
Stamp Act: on everyday products
Townshend Act: on goods from Europe used in small businesses
Tea tax: East Indian Company had monopoly on Indian tea
Sons of Liberty
at front of protests against British
Boston Massacre 1770
colonial propaganda against the British; 5 civilians killed by British soldiers
"Common Sense"
written by Thomas Paine to spur revolution among colonists
Intolerable Acts
punishment for NE colonies after Boston Tea Party.
1- Boston harbor shut down/regulated by British
2- Marshall law (British military runs government)
Continental Congress
1775; formed army with General Washington; tried to implement colonial currency
loyalists
, supported by slaves & Amerindians
American allies
France (navy, training, resources)
Spain & Netherlands (weapons)
Battle of Yorktown
1778, Washington defeats Cornwallis
Treaty of Paris 1783
officially ended the American Revolution, Britain recognized US as independent
Articles of Confederation
aimed at keeping national government weak, short term president, no taxes;
accomplished nothing
Constitutional Convention 1787
formed new and improved US Constitution: taxes, majority vote, centralized
Estates General
First Estate: clergy
Second Estate: nobles
Third Estate: peasants, merchants, artisans, bourgeoisie 98% of population
National Assembly
collectively unifies Third Estate, wrote up Declaration of Rights of Man, was called for
arrest
"French disease"
Austria and Prussia threatened to interfere in French Revolution, National Assembly
declared war on them in 1971
Storming of Bastille
July 14, 1789:
beginning of French Revolution
guillotine
"humane" execution method, symbol of violent French revolution
The Terror
1793-1794: Robespierre's ruthless, bloody, dictatorial rule of the French Revolution
National Convention
radical liberal group (Jacobins & Girondists & more extreme Mountain faction), hated
the Church
Maximilien Robespierre
leader of National Convention Mountain faction; executed anyone who supported
monarchy, eventually arrested and executed
The Directory
5 man group elected after The Terror; got nothing done
Napoleon Bonaparte
popular authoritarianism; limited Church; liberal reforms; forced French culture upon
conquered people; repressed women & freedoms of speech/press
Gens de Couler
free colored people in Haiti who led Haitian Revolution
Saint Dominique
sugar production = brutal slavery & wealth
Toussaint Louverture
