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Pulmonary artery
One of two arteries that carry venous (oxygen poor) blood from heart to lungs
What type of intubation is preferred with emesis with aspiration?
ETT. LMA or combitube acceptable.
What emergency would a cricothyrotomy typically be performed?
Airway obstruction
Atropine would be given in which emergency?
Symptomatic bradycardia
Adenosine would be given in which emergency?
SVT
Amiodarone would be given in which emergency?
V. Tach
What medications can be given for a sever case of hyperventilation?
Versed, Valium, or Propofol
PVC's are treated with which medicine?
Lidocaine
Epi is given in which two emergencies?
V. Fib and asystole
Max dose of epi for cardiovascular disease pt
.04mg
A beta blocker would be given in which emergency?
Hypertension
A fluid bolus of NS and ephedrine can be given with what emergency?
Hypotension
What medications are used to treat malignant hypothermia?
Dantrolene, IV cold saline (not Ringer's)
Nasopharyngeal airway
When tongue is obstructing airway. Tube is lubricated and passed through the nose into
nasal cavity. Sits in oropharynx behind tongue. Well tolerated and can be used on
awake pts.
Oropharyngeal airway
Also placed to position tongue in more anterior position. Often interfere with intra oral
procedures. Not tolerated well with awake pts.
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
Device that sits over top of larynx. Can be placed blindly. Does not protect against
aspiration. Inflated with 30cc to create seal.
Endotracheal intubation
End of tube passes through vocal cords and terminates half way between vocal cords
and bifurcation of trachea. Important to listen to both lungs after placement. May or May
not be cuffed.
Combitube
Generally used for specific emergencies. Both cuffs inflated.
Pts predisposed to bronchospasm
Allergies, asthma, copd, bronchitis
,Bronchospasm
Generalized contraction of smooth muscles of small bronchi and bronchioles in lungs
causing restriction of air flow of air to and from lungs.
Maximum dose of epi for healthy pt
.2mg
Liver
Protein and lipid synthesis, bio transformation, detoxification and storage of vitamin A,
E, D, K, and B12.
Causes of seizures
Liver failure, renal failure, sickle cell disease, brain tumor, meningitis, previous stroke
and hypo-hyperglycemia.
Medications to treat seizures
Tegretol, Klonopin, Neurontin, luminal, Dilantin, depacon
Main function of kidneys
Maintain volume and composition of body fluids. Body's main source of filtration and
excrete metabolic end products and toxins.
Islets of langerhans
Located in pancreas. Secrete insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps the body store sugar
to keep glucose levels in a steady state.
Adrenal glands
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Controls electrolyte balance and carb
metabolism.
Thyroid
Regulates body's basal metabolic rate.
Pterygoid plexus
Network of veins corresponding to 2nd and 3rd parts of maxillary artery
Olfactory nerve
1st cranial nerve that controls smell
Optic nerve
2nd cranial nerve that controls sight
Internal jugular vein
Drains much of blood from head and neck
Purkinje fiber system
Causes muscles of heart to contract. Spreads impulse rapidly along heart muscle.
Brachiocephalic artery
Branches into right common carotid in neck and right subclavian artery in arm.
Hematocrit
% blood volume made up of red blood cells. Men: 42-52% women: 37-48%. Anything
below 35% considered anemic.
Mental artery
Supplies blood to chin.
Ischemia
Reduced blood flow in coronary arteries. Lack of oxygen to heart cells weakens, but
does not kill them.
Maxillary artery
Supplies blood to maxilla, teeth, sinuses, and portion of nose.
, Medulla oblongata
Coordinating region for impulses. The seat of many autonomic centers.
Normal levels of hemoglobin
Males: 13-18 mg/dL
Females: 14-16 mg/dL
Oropharynx
Located between soft palate and epiglottis.
Facial nerve
7th cranial nerve. Supplies motor fibers to muscles of facial expression.
Trigeminal nerve
5th cranial nerve. Supplies sensation to teeth and jaws.
Vagus nerve
10th cranial nerve. Supplies fibers to many parts of body. (Ears, tongue, pharynx,
larynx, thoracic/abdominal viscera).
Pulmonary veins
Return oxygenated blood to left atrium from lungs. Only veins that carry oxygenated
blood.
Superior vena cava
Drains head, neck, and upper extremities into right atrium.
Adrenal glad
Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids.
Ectopic focus
Displaced central point of origin for cardiac dysrhythmias.
Inferior alveolar artery
Supplies blood to teeth, mandible, lower lip, and chin.
Inferior vena cava
Drains lower extremities and abdominal viscera into right atrium.
Brachial artery
Supplies blood to shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Facial artery
Supplies blood to face, tonsil, palate, and submandibular gland.
T's of pulseleas electrical activity
Toxins, trauma, thrombosis, tension pneumothorax, tamponade
H's of pulseless electrical activity
Hydrogen ion, hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypoglycemia, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypothermia.
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
Normal appearing tracing, but patient has no pulse.
Asystole
Cessation of all contractions. "Flat line" usually follows v. fib or v. tach. Treated with
CPR.
Ventricular fibrillation v. fib
Course v. fib with prominent, erratic baseline or fine v. fib with far less pronounced
vacillations. No p, qrs, or t. Often precedes asystole.
Class III
Pt has severe systemic disturbance or disease.
Class IV
Pulmonary artery
One of two arteries that carry venous (oxygen poor) blood from heart to lungs
What type of intubation is preferred with emesis with aspiration?
ETT. LMA or combitube acceptable.
What emergency would a cricothyrotomy typically be performed?
Airway obstruction
Atropine would be given in which emergency?
Symptomatic bradycardia
Adenosine would be given in which emergency?
SVT
Amiodarone would be given in which emergency?
V. Tach
What medications can be given for a sever case of hyperventilation?
Versed, Valium, or Propofol
PVC's are treated with which medicine?
Lidocaine
Epi is given in which two emergencies?
V. Fib and asystole
Max dose of epi for cardiovascular disease pt
.04mg
A beta blocker would be given in which emergency?
Hypertension
A fluid bolus of NS and ephedrine can be given with what emergency?
Hypotension
What medications are used to treat malignant hypothermia?
Dantrolene, IV cold saline (not Ringer's)
Nasopharyngeal airway
When tongue is obstructing airway. Tube is lubricated and passed through the nose into
nasal cavity. Sits in oropharynx behind tongue. Well tolerated and can be used on
awake pts.
Oropharyngeal airway
Also placed to position tongue in more anterior position. Often interfere with intra oral
procedures. Not tolerated well with awake pts.
Laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
Device that sits over top of larynx. Can be placed blindly. Does not protect against
aspiration. Inflated with 30cc to create seal.
Endotracheal intubation
End of tube passes through vocal cords and terminates half way between vocal cords
and bifurcation of trachea. Important to listen to both lungs after placement. May or May
not be cuffed.
Combitube
Generally used for specific emergencies. Both cuffs inflated.
Pts predisposed to bronchospasm
Allergies, asthma, copd, bronchitis
,Bronchospasm
Generalized contraction of smooth muscles of small bronchi and bronchioles in lungs
causing restriction of air flow of air to and from lungs.
Maximum dose of epi for healthy pt
.2mg
Liver
Protein and lipid synthesis, bio transformation, detoxification and storage of vitamin A,
E, D, K, and B12.
Causes of seizures
Liver failure, renal failure, sickle cell disease, brain tumor, meningitis, previous stroke
and hypo-hyperglycemia.
Medications to treat seizures
Tegretol, Klonopin, Neurontin, luminal, Dilantin, depacon
Main function of kidneys
Maintain volume and composition of body fluids. Body's main source of filtration and
excrete metabolic end products and toxins.
Islets of langerhans
Located in pancreas. Secrete insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps the body store sugar
to keep glucose levels in a steady state.
Adrenal glands
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. Controls electrolyte balance and carb
metabolism.
Thyroid
Regulates body's basal metabolic rate.
Pterygoid plexus
Network of veins corresponding to 2nd and 3rd parts of maxillary artery
Olfactory nerve
1st cranial nerve that controls smell
Optic nerve
2nd cranial nerve that controls sight
Internal jugular vein
Drains much of blood from head and neck
Purkinje fiber system
Causes muscles of heart to contract. Spreads impulse rapidly along heart muscle.
Brachiocephalic artery
Branches into right common carotid in neck and right subclavian artery in arm.
Hematocrit
% blood volume made up of red blood cells. Men: 42-52% women: 37-48%. Anything
below 35% considered anemic.
Mental artery
Supplies blood to chin.
Ischemia
Reduced blood flow in coronary arteries. Lack of oxygen to heart cells weakens, but
does not kill them.
Maxillary artery
Supplies blood to maxilla, teeth, sinuses, and portion of nose.
, Medulla oblongata
Coordinating region for impulses. The seat of many autonomic centers.
Normal levels of hemoglobin
Males: 13-18 mg/dL
Females: 14-16 mg/dL
Oropharynx
Located between soft palate and epiglottis.
Facial nerve
7th cranial nerve. Supplies motor fibers to muscles of facial expression.
Trigeminal nerve
5th cranial nerve. Supplies sensation to teeth and jaws.
Vagus nerve
10th cranial nerve. Supplies fibers to many parts of body. (Ears, tongue, pharynx,
larynx, thoracic/abdominal viscera).
Pulmonary veins
Return oxygenated blood to left atrium from lungs. Only veins that carry oxygenated
blood.
Superior vena cava
Drains head, neck, and upper extremities into right atrium.
Adrenal glad
Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosteroids.
Ectopic focus
Displaced central point of origin for cardiac dysrhythmias.
Inferior alveolar artery
Supplies blood to teeth, mandible, lower lip, and chin.
Inferior vena cava
Drains lower extremities and abdominal viscera into right atrium.
Brachial artery
Supplies blood to shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.
Facial artery
Supplies blood to face, tonsil, palate, and submandibular gland.
T's of pulseleas electrical activity
Toxins, trauma, thrombosis, tension pneumothorax, tamponade
H's of pulseless electrical activity
Hydrogen ion, hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypoglycemia, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypothermia.
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
Normal appearing tracing, but patient has no pulse.
Asystole
Cessation of all contractions. "Flat line" usually follows v. fib or v. tach. Treated with
CPR.
Ventricular fibrillation v. fib
Course v. fib with prominent, erratic baseline or fine v. fib with far less pronounced
vacillations. No p, qrs, or t. Often precedes asystole.
Class III
Pt has severe systemic disturbance or disease.
Class IV
