OMSA Study Guide 2023 with complete solution
Name the 4 valves in the heart
Tricuspid valve
Aortic Valve
Mitral Valve
pulmonic Valve
Where is the Tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the Mitral valve located?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Where is the Aortic valve located?
Between the aorta and the heart's left ventricle
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
Between the" right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
What is the function of valves in the heart?
To prevent the backflow of blood
When you listen to a normal heart beat through a stethoscope what sound does it
make, and what causes this sound?
Lub-dub; caused by the aortic and pulmonic valves closing
What is angina pectoris?
Another name for chest pain of cardiac origin
What is angina pectoris caused by?
Ischemia or lack of oxygen to the heart muscle
How does nitroglycerin affect the body?
It dilates the coronary arteries and increases the blood flow to the heart
When does angina pectoris turn into a myocardial infarction?
When the heart is deprived of oxygen too long and a portion of the heart dies
Death of the heart muscle
necrosis
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (12)
Family history of heart disease
Smokers
Hypercholesterolemia
Diabetes
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Hypertension
Advancing age
History of MI
Congestive heart failure
Heart valve dysfunction
dysrhythmias
Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction (MI)
(5)
, -Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerin
-Pain radiate down the left arm or up the left jaw
-Blood pressure drop
-weak with thready pulse
-nausea or vomiting
What should you do if you suspect a patient is having a MI?
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates
Aspirin
Place patient on monitors and start IV asap
What is congestive heart failure?
The heart cannot pump blood in a forward motion
What happens when there is CHF on the right side?
Excess blood an fluid backing up systemically; meaning in the rest of the body
What are the symptoms of right sided CHF?
Swelling in the ankles and ascetics (belly)
Distended neck veins
What happens when there is CHF on the left side?
Fluid backing up into the lungs causing pt to cough pink frothy sputum.
What are the symptoms of left sided CHF?
Shortness of breath and wakes up in the middle of the night gasping for air
What is the normal treatment for CHF?
Diuretics; so the patient pees out the excess fluid
How is the cardiovascular system monitored?
By using tone pulse, blood pressure and the EKG
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
for controlling the bodily functions not consciously directed
Causing increased heart rate and blood pressure and bronchodilates the airways;
"Fight or flight"
Sympathetic nervous system
Results in stimulation of salivary glands, and slows the heart rate; "couch
potatoes state"
Parasympathetic nervous system
Another name for stroke
Cerebral vascular accident
A type of Cerebral vascular accident where a blood clot occurs in the brain
causing the blood vessel to become occluded depriving the brain tissue of
oxygen
embolic stroke
A type Cerebral vascular accident where a bold vessel ruptures and bleeds
depriving the brain tissue of oxygen
Hemorrhagic stroke
Symptoms of a cerebral vascular accident include:
Name the 4 valves in the heart
Tricuspid valve
Aortic Valve
Mitral Valve
pulmonic Valve
Where is the Tricuspid valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the Mitral valve located?
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Where is the Aortic valve located?
Between the aorta and the heart's left ventricle
Where is the pulmonic valve located?
Between the" right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
What is the function of valves in the heart?
To prevent the backflow of blood
When you listen to a normal heart beat through a stethoscope what sound does it
make, and what causes this sound?
Lub-dub; caused by the aortic and pulmonic valves closing
What is angina pectoris?
Another name for chest pain of cardiac origin
What is angina pectoris caused by?
Ischemia or lack of oxygen to the heart muscle
How does nitroglycerin affect the body?
It dilates the coronary arteries and increases the blood flow to the heart
When does angina pectoris turn into a myocardial infarction?
When the heart is deprived of oxygen too long and a portion of the heart dies
Death of the heart muscle
necrosis
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (12)
Family history of heart disease
Smokers
Hypercholesterolemia
Diabetes
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Hypertension
Advancing age
History of MI
Congestive heart failure
Heart valve dysfunction
dysrhythmias
Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction (MI)
(5)
, -Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerin
-Pain radiate down the left arm or up the left jaw
-Blood pressure drop
-weak with thready pulse
-nausea or vomiting
What should you do if you suspect a patient is having a MI?
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates
Aspirin
Place patient on monitors and start IV asap
What is congestive heart failure?
The heart cannot pump blood in a forward motion
What happens when there is CHF on the right side?
Excess blood an fluid backing up systemically; meaning in the rest of the body
What are the symptoms of right sided CHF?
Swelling in the ankles and ascetics (belly)
Distended neck veins
What happens when there is CHF on the left side?
Fluid backing up into the lungs causing pt to cough pink frothy sputum.
What are the symptoms of left sided CHF?
Shortness of breath and wakes up in the middle of the night gasping for air
What is the normal treatment for CHF?
Diuretics; so the patient pees out the excess fluid
How is the cardiovascular system monitored?
By using tone pulse, blood pressure and the EKG
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
for controlling the bodily functions not consciously directed
Causing increased heart rate and blood pressure and bronchodilates the airways;
"Fight or flight"
Sympathetic nervous system
Results in stimulation of salivary glands, and slows the heart rate; "couch
potatoes state"
Parasympathetic nervous system
Another name for stroke
Cerebral vascular accident
A type of Cerebral vascular accident where a blood clot occurs in the brain
causing the blood vessel to become occluded depriving the brain tissue of
oxygen
embolic stroke
A type Cerebral vascular accident where a bold vessel ruptures and bleeds
depriving the brain tissue of oxygen
Hemorrhagic stroke
Symptoms of a cerebral vascular accident include:
