Zoology Exam 1: Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (correct answers)
Chapter 1
What is science? correct answers Science is the concerted human effort to
understand, or better understand, the history of the natural world and how the natural
world works, with observable physical evidence as the basis of that understanding.
Five characteristics of Science correct answers 1. Guided by natural law
(e.g. physical/chemical laws that govern existence)
2. Must be explanatory by reference to natural law
(without reference to supernatural being)
3. Statements are testable against the empirical world
4. its conclusions are tentative
5. It is falsifiable
__________ is an ever-changing body of knowledge correct answers science
"__________ " often used as evidence against science correct answers changes
Scientific Method: correct answers 1. Observations of the natural world
2. Generate Questions
3. Form a hypothesis- possible explanation for observations
-can be rejected or supported, not proven correct with the scientific method---
conclusions are tentative and falsifiable
4. Empirical test of hypothesis
5. Form conclusions based on results of tests
6. Publish results- Peer Review Process
What is a scientific theory? correct answers A powerful hypothesis that explains a large
number of related phenomena that has been tested and retested many times.
wide accepted by the scientific community
NOT an arbitrary speculation or guess
__________________ is the scientific study of animals correct answers zoology
What are the three major categories of Living Organisms? correct answers Bacteria,
Eukaryota, and Archaea
What is an animal? (4 major distinguishing criteria) correct answers 1. Organisms made
of cells enclosed in a membrane
2. Cells with enclosed organelles e.g. nucleus
3. Can NOT use light as a source of energy
4. Does NOT have a rigid cell wall
, Change in allele frequencies of a population over time (alleles= alternate forms of genes
=heritable info) correct answers Microevolution
Ancestor species give rise to descendent species correct answers Descent with
Modification
What kind of evolution is this?
-Descent with Modification
-facilitated by accumulation of heritable change in a species over time correct answers
Macroevolution
a trait that is controlled by gene(s) and passed on from one generation to the next
correct answers Heritable
The world and species were viewed as correct answers constant entities that did not
change after creation
History of Evolutionary Thought
Observations of natural world facilitated: correct answers -Earth was undergoing
perpetual and irreversible change
-geology
-fossils
-variation of species
French Naturalist
"Father of Paleontology"
Law:
-different regions have distinct fauna
-established a link between environment and species composition
-ALL variations in species due to the influence of the environment (incorrect) correct
answers Buffon
mechanism =incorrect
French biologist
argued that variation in species arose via:
-inheritance of acquired characteristics (his evolutionary mechanism)
-individuals acquire traits through use or disuse by striving to meet the demands of their
environments
-pass these acquired traits on to their offspring
-Transformational hypothesis of evolutionary change correct answers Jean Baptiste
Lamarck
giraffes evolved a long neck because their ancestors lengthened their necks by
stretching to obtain food and passed the lengthened neck to their offspring
Chapter 1
What is science? correct answers Science is the concerted human effort to
understand, or better understand, the history of the natural world and how the natural
world works, with observable physical evidence as the basis of that understanding.
Five characteristics of Science correct answers 1. Guided by natural law
(e.g. physical/chemical laws that govern existence)
2. Must be explanatory by reference to natural law
(without reference to supernatural being)
3. Statements are testable against the empirical world
4. its conclusions are tentative
5. It is falsifiable
__________ is an ever-changing body of knowledge correct answers science
"__________ " often used as evidence against science correct answers changes
Scientific Method: correct answers 1. Observations of the natural world
2. Generate Questions
3. Form a hypothesis- possible explanation for observations
-can be rejected or supported, not proven correct with the scientific method---
conclusions are tentative and falsifiable
4. Empirical test of hypothesis
5. Form conclusions based on results of tests
6. Publish results- Peer Review Process
What is a scientific theory? correct answers A powerful hypothesis that explains a large
number of related phenomena that has been tested and retested many times.
wide accepted by the scientific community
NOT an arbitrary speculation or guess
__________________ is the scientific study of animals correct answers zoology
What are the three major categories of Living Organisms? correct answers Bacteria,
Eukaryota, and Archaea
What is an animal? (4 major distinguishing criteria) correct answers 1. Organisms made
of cells enclosed in a membrane
2. Cells with enclosed organelles e.g. nucleus
3. Can NOT use light as a source of energy
4. Does NOT have a rigid cell wall
, Change in allele frequencies of a population over time (alleles= alternate forms of genes
=heritable info) correct answers Microevolution
Ancestor species give rise to descendent species correct answers Descent with
Modification
What kind of evolution is this?
-Descent with Modification
-facilitated by accumulation of heritable change in a species over time correct answers
Macroevolution
a trait that is controlled by gene(s) and passed on from one generation to the next
correct answers Heritable
The world and species were viewed as correct answers constant entities that did not
change after creation
History of Evolutionary Thought
Observations of natural world facilitated: correct answers -Earth was undergoing
perpetual and irreversible change
-geology
-fossils
-variation of species
French Naturalist
"Father of Paleontology"
Law:
-different regions have distinct fauna
-established a link between environment and species composition
-ALL variations in species due to the influence of the environment (incorrect) correct
answers Buffon
mechanism =incorrect
French biologist
argued that variation in species arose via:
-inheritance of acquired characteristics (his evolutionary mechanism)
-individuals acquire traits through use or disuse by striving to meet the demands of their
environments
-pass these acquired traits on to their offspring
-Transformational hypothesis of evolutionary change correct answers Jean Baptiste
Lamarck
giraffes evolved a long neck because their ancestors lengthened their necks by
stretching to obtain food and passed the lengthened neck to their offspring
