SED 2601 Learning Unit 2 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

What is the main ideas for Functionalism (macro-sociological)? Social order Consensus Social systems Socialisation Norms & Values Manifest & Latent functions What are the main ideas for Conflict theory (macro-sociological)? Conflict Change Social class Inequalities Power What are the main ideas for Symbolic interactionism (micro-sociological)? Capacity for thought Meaning Interaction Interpretation Self & Agency Who is the main proponent for Functionalism? Emile Durkheim Talcott Parsons Robert Merton Who is the main proponent of Conflict theory? Karl Marx Max Weber C Wright Mills Bowles & Gintis & Pierre Bourdieu Who is the main proponent for Symbolic interactionism? Max Webber George H Mead Erving Goffman Herbert Blumer Charles H Cooley Durkheim proposed that there are 2 types of solidarity that forms the "glue" that holds society together, what are they? 1. Mechanical solidarity which occurs when society is held together by shared believe systems 2. Organic solidarity which reflects the specialisation of tasks found in modern industrialised societies. Functionalism Durkheim is one of the major proponents. - A specialisation of tasks that refers to a vast range of jobs found in modern society - Industrial worker, medical specialists, engineers, computer analysts. - In these societies people are held together by factors, such as economic interdependence. Functionalist theory Compares society to a living organism. The various components of society also functions together to maintain a social "whole". What does Durkheim claim to produce social stability? That the different parts of modern industrial society need to work together to form a complex whole. E.g There are links between schooling and the economy and links between schooling and family. Hence if the economy doesn't function this will affect education and families negatively. Who wrote about manifests and latent functions? Robert Merton a theorist of functionalism. Manifest functions Apparent to participants who take part in social activity. e.g. a Timetable is "known" in schools. This has the manifest function of planning daily activities. Latent functions It cannot be seen, but have certain effects on participants. e.g. Timetable might have a latent function of engineering obedience and compliance in children. Durkheim & Parsons Two major authors that are associated with the theory of functionalism. Durkheim He saw education & particularly the teaching of history as important foundations for that stability. Parsons He elaborated on the work of Durkheim that focused on 'how society functions as a system' He argued that if social systems were to survive they need to perform 4 basic functions, he called AGIL model. What does AGIL stand for? adaption, goal attainment, integration & latency. Why is it important for society to differentiate? So that it can adapt to modern industrialisation. Why can differentiation also be problematic? Because it is difficult to coordinate large numbers of systems. One of the reasons being that it can lead to some systems seeing themselves as more powerful or independent from other systems. Critique of Functionalism Giddens writes: - That there is something significant about education systems - They try to provide individuals with the skills & knowledge to participate in societies - Schools do teach children some of the values and morals of a wider society. What does functionalist theories appear to overstate? The case for a set of society-wide values. There are many cultural differences within a single society & the notion that a set of central values should be taught to all may not be accurate or well received. A Concept of "Society" itself is? A recurring problem within functionalist accounts. Functionalists see education systems as? Serving several functions for society as a whole, BUT the problem is it assumes that society is homogeneous (the same) & that all social groups share similar interests. What does Giddens suggest is problematic? Assuming that there is only one culture in society and that schools should transmit that culture if society is to function properly.