Keeping up the Standards
Titrations
The experiment aims to find out the concentration of an unknown
solution.
Titration Introduction:
Titration is a process of determining the concentration of an
unknown solution using a solution of known concentration.
In this experiment, hydrochloric acid is used to react sodium
carbonate until it becomes neutral.
Use of titration:
Titration is used in industry to find out the concentration of unknown
solutions.
Equation:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Abstract:
A standard sodium carbonate solution was prepared by weighing out
2.65g of anhydrous sodium carbonate. It was then transferred to a
beaker and dissolved in water. The solution was then transferred to a
volumetric flask (250 cm3) The mixture was then mixed and labelled.
This standard solution was used to standardise hydrochloric acid and
0.1 mol/dm-3 were determined.
,Risk Assessment:
Substance Hazard Damage Prevention
Hydrochloric acid Redness, Handle with
(HCl) discomfort, and care. Wear a
severe skin lab coat. Put
Corrosive burns can result on gloves and
from skin safety
contact. The goggles. Do
eye may suffer not inhale the
Toxic from severe vapour or
burns and long- mist. Avoid
term damage. If eating or
inhaled, it is drinking in
poisonous and the lab.
Irritant
could irritate
the lungs.
Sodium Having trouble Handle with
carbonate breathing when care. Wear a
(Na2CO3) sodium lab coat. Put
Irritant carbonate is on gloves and
inhaled, serious safety
respiratory goggles. Do
problems. not inhale the
Stomach upset vapour or
or digestive mist. Avoid
tract may eating or
become drinking in
severely the lab.
irritated if you
accidentally
swallow sodium
, carbonate.
Oral, chest, or
abdominal pain;
skin or eye
irritation.
Indicator Prolong Handle with
(Phenolphthalein) exposure with care. Wear a
high lab coat. Put
Flammable phenolphthalei on gloves and
n safety
concentrations goggles. Do
can cause skin not inhale the
rashes, vapour or
vomiting, mist. Avoid
Health hazard comas, and eating or
(harmful) even death. drinking in
In addition to the lab.
this, exposure
to
phenolphthalei
n may cause
respiratory tract
irritation, eye
irritation, skin
irritation,
gastrointestinal
fever, and blood
pressure to rise.
Equipment (glass Explode in Handle with
breakage) elevated care. Keep
temperature, the working
alkaline are clear and
conditions. May the surface
Health hazard cause injuries, clean.
(harmful) lead to
Titrations
The experiment aims to find out the concentration of an unknown
solution.
Titration Introduction:
Titration is a process of determining the concentration of an
unknown solution using a solution of known concentration.
In this experiment, hydrochloric acid is used to react sodium
carbonate until it becomes neutral.
Use of titration:
Titration is used in industry to find out the concentration of unknown
solutions.
Equation:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Abstract:
A standard sodium carbonate solution was prepared by weighing out
2.65g of anhydrous sodium carbonate. It was then transferred to a
beaker and dissolved in water. The solution was then transferred to a
volumetric flask (250 cm3) The mixture was then mixed and labelled.
This standard solution was used to standardise hydrochloric acid and
0.1 mol/dm-3 were determined.
,Risk Assessment:
Substance Hazard Damage Prevention
Hydrochloric acid Redness, Handle with
(HCl) discomfort, and care. Wear a
severe skin lab coat. Put
Corrosive burns can result on gloves and
from skin safety
contact. The goggles. Do
eye may suffer not inhale the
Toxic from severe vapour or
burns and long- mist. Avoid
term damage. If eating or
inhaled, it is drinking in
poisonous and the lab.
Irritant
could irritate
the lungs.
Sodium Having trouble Handle with
carbonate breathing when care. Wear a
(Na2CO3) sodium lab coat. Put
Irritant carbonate is on gloves and
inhaled, serious safety
respiratory goggles. Do
problems. not inhale the
Stomach upset vapour or
or digestive mist. Avoid
tract may eating or
become drinking in
severely the lab.
irritated if you
accidentally
swallow sodium
, carbonate.
Oral, chest, or
abdominal pain;
skin or eye
irritation.
Indicator Prolong Handle with
(Phenolphthalein) exposure with care. Wear a
high lab coat. Put
Flammable phenolphthalei on gloves and
n safety
concentrations goggles. Do
can cause skin not inhale the
rashes, vapour or
vomiting, mist. Avoid
Health hazard comas, and eating or
(harmful) even death. drinking in
In addition to the lab.
this, exposure
to
phenolphthalei
n may cause
respiratory tract
irritation, eye
irritation, skin
irritation,
gastrointestinal
fever, and blood
pressure to rise.
Equipment (glass Explode in Handle with
breakage) elevated care. Keep
temperature, the working
alkaline are clear and
conditions. May the surface
Health hazard cause injuries, clean.
(harmful) lead to
