MATH 462 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS.

MATH 462 CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS.SOCIOLOGY OF CRIMES, ETHICS AND HUMAN RELATIONS CRIM. 6: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND STATISTICS Meaning of Research = scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that links man’s speculation with reality. = systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical proposition about the presumed relations among natural phenomena. KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH A. According to Purpose 1. Predictive or Prognostic Research – has the purpose of determining the future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the better 2. Directive Research – determines what should be done based on the findings this is to remedy an unsatisfactory condition, if there is any 3. Illuminative Research – is concerned with the interaction of the components of the variable being investigated, as for example, “interaction of the components of educational systems and aims to show the connections among, for example, students’ characteristics, organizational pattern and policies, and educational consequences B. According to Goal 1. Basic or pure Research – is done for the development of theories and Principles. 2. Applied Research – is the application of the results of pure search. This is testing the efficacy of theories and principles. aims to test theories and concepts developed for verification, application, development and support and their relationship to the existing fund of knowledge C. According to the Level of Investigation 1. Exploratory Research – the researcher studies the variables pertinent to a specific situation. 2. Descriptive Research – the researcher studies the relationships of the variables. 3. Experimental Research – the experiment studies the effects of the variables on each other. D. According to the Type of Analysis 1. Analytical Research – the researcher attempts to identify and is isolate the components of the research situation. 2. Holistic Research – begins with the total situation. Focusing attention on the system first and then on its internal relationships. E. According to Scope – Under this category is Action Research. This type of research is done on a very limited scope to solve a particular problem which is not so big. It is almost problem solving. F. According to Choice of Answers to Problems 1. In Evaluation research, all possible courses of action are specified and identified and the researcher tries to find the most advantageous. 2. In developmental research, the focus is on finding or developing a more suitable instrument or process than has been available. G. According to Statistical Content