Applied Science Unit One Biology (correct answers)
What is the function of the mitochondria? correct answers cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? correct answers protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? correct answers Synthesis
and transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? correct answers Modified and packaged
proteins into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? correct answers Digests old cell material and
waste
What is the function of the centrioles? correct answers Form into spindle fibres for cell
division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? correct answers photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? correct answers The membrane around the
vacuole to keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? correct answers Maintain turgid pressure in the
plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? correct answers To allow materials to pass
through the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? correct answers Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells correct answers Vacuole,
chloroplasts, cell wall
Define eukaryotic cells correct answers Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells correct answers Are unicellular organisms
Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? correct answers
Eukaryotic has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound
organelles while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? correct
answers Crystal violet and safranin
, Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? correct answers
Gram negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they
appear safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? correct answers Across one to penetrate the
egg, tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? correct answers Hormones to attract the speed,
zona pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? correct answers Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? correct answers Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM correct answers TEM produces images of thin slices of
material whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified
compared to the light microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works correct answers Light microscopes use visible
light and magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works correct answers They use a beam of
electrons in a vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes correct answers Positive - can
observe living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes correct answers Positive -
high magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation correct answers magnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell correct answers Found in leaves, they are
rectangular box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb
light for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the
amount of light absorbed
Describe the key features of a root hair cell correct answers Found in a plants roots
near the growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They
increase the surface area of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals.
Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) correct answers Biconcave
in shape increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can
What is the function of the mitochondria? correct answers cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? correct answers protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? correct answers Synthesis
and transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? correct answers Modified and packaged
proteins into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? correct answers Digests old cell material and
waste
What is the function of the centrioles? correct answers Form into spindle fibres for cell
division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? correct answers photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? correct answers The membrane around the
vacuole to keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? correct answers Maintain turgid pressure in the
plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? correct answers To allow materials to pass
through the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? correct answers Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells correct answers Vacuole,
chloroplasts, cell wall
Define eukaryotic cells correct answers Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells correct answers Are unicellular organisms
Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? correct answers
Eukaryotic has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound
organelles while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? correct
answers Crystal violet and safranin
, Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? correct answers
Gram negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they
appear safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? correct answers Across one to penetrate the
egg, tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? correct answers Hormones to attract the speed,
zona pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? correct answers Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? correct answers Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM correct answers TEM produces images of thin slices of
material whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified
compared to the light microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works correct answers Light microscopes use visible
light and magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works correct answers They use a beam of
electrons in a vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes correct answers Positive - can
observe living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes correct answers Positive -
high magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation correct answers magnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell correct answers Found in leaves, they are
rectangular box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb
light for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the
amount of light absorbed
Describe the key features of a root hair cell correct answers Found in a plants roots
near the growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They
increase the surface area of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals.
Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) correct answers Biconcave
in shape increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can
