Digital Media and Journalism (correct answers)
24-Hour News Cycle correct answers We live in a world where news spreads rapidly,
and each minute,
media disseminate new information without waiting for the newspaper to be printed
or the network television newscasts. When audiences expect news to arrive quickly,
platforms like Twitter even the playing field and allow average individuals to play the
reporter. News sources constantly update articles during the day and night, leaving
everyone informed about the latest developments. Some articles are even updated to
say that there are no new developments, which seems silly, but actually contributes to
the information sought by the public.
Abandondment: correct answers an advertising term that refers to when consumers
leaves items in their
shopping cart without purchasing it.
Ad Blocker correct answers a tool that has stops advertisements from appearing on
websites, including
places like YouTube, so that users can get to content more quickly without
distractions. Since sites make revenue off users seeing advertisements, this tool has
become problematic in recent years. Some sites do not allow users to visit if they have
an ad blocker installed.
Aggregator correct answers a website or feed that puts content from many different
sources into a more
easily usable or accessible format. Someone or something that gathers together
materials from a variety of sources.
Algorithm correct answers a program used to generate news articles for users, and
sometimes write
simplistic, fact-based stories (see algorithmic journalism). Algorithms that cumulate
content on social platforms such as Facebook allow users to have a more personalized
experience, receiving the articles that they want to read. However, some fear people
this will lead to people being less informed and reading less "spinach." ("Guide to
Automated Journalism" of the Tow Center.
Algorithmic Journalism or Robot Journalism correct answers news articles that are
generated by
computer programs. Through artificial intelligence (AI) software, stories are produced
automatically by machines rather than human reporters. These programs interpret,
organize, and present data in a readable format. Typically, the process involves an
algorithm that scans large amounts of provided data, selects from an assortment of
pre-programmed article structures, orders key points, and inserts details such as
names, places, amounts, rankings, statistics, and other figures. The output can also be
customized to fit a certain voice, tone, or style. As of 2016, only a few media
organizations have used automated journalism. Early adopters include news providers
,such as the Associated Press, Forbes, ProPublica, and The Los Angeles Times. Due
to the formulaic nature of automation, it is mainly used for stories based on statistics
and numerical figures. Automated journalism is sometimes seen as an opportunity to
free journalists from routine reporting, providing them with more time for complex
tasks. It also allows efficiency and cost-cutting, alleviating some financial burden that
many news organizations face. However, automated journalism is also perceived as a
threat to the authorship and quality of news and the precariousness of employment
within the industry. (Adapted from The Algorithm Method - Columbia Journalism
Review)
Alternative Media: correct answers : Media projects, often run by untrained and unpaid
activists that reject
and/or challenge the conventions and structures of mainstream commercial or
statefunded
media. Alternative and radical journalism can be found within many examples
of alternative media, but countless other forms of expression that have little or no
connection to journalism have also been labeled as alternative media, including
graffiti, flyposting, badge-making, pamphleteering, experimental film-making, creative
writing, music distribution, and fanzine production. Alternative media can be seen as
helping to form what might be described as an alternative public sphere in which
groups and individuals on the margins of mainstream culture and media can form
communities of interest within which they can communicate and debate issues of
mutual interest.
Analog correct answers A pre-digital form of broadcast media output that relies on the
transmission of
electromagnetic waves. The term is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to what
are perceived to be old-fashioned or legacy media. Compare to digital media. For
more info: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital
Anonymous Source: 1. correct answers A person who leaks information to a journalist
or other organization
(such as WikiLeaks) without the recipient necessarily knowing the identity of the
source. Such sources might leak information for any number of reasons, ranging from
malice and mischief to seeking to prevent crime, expose wrongdoing, or protect life.
An example of an anonymous source is Sarah Tisdall (1960-) a clerk with the Foreign
Office in the UK who in the 1980s secretly supplied the Guardian newspaper with a
photocopy of a confidential document concerning the arrival in the UK of US cruise
missiles . The newspaper did not know who its source was, but after making some
checks on the likely veracity of the leaked document, published a story based on its
contents. The government pursued the newspaper through the courts in an effort to
identify the source of the leak. Having lost its legal fight to protect its source, the
Guardian reluctantly handed over the photocopy, and markings on it led to the
identification and arrest of Sarah Tisdall, who was eventually jailed under the UK's
Official Secrets Act. The then Guardian editor Peter Preston subsequently reflected
that the newspaper should have destroyed the document as soon as the story had
, been written but not published, before the commencement of legal action by the
government. In 2007. The website WikiLeaks was established with the declared
intention of allowing sources to leak information safely and anonymously.
2. Confidential source: correct answers A person whose identity is known to the
journalist but who
supplies information on the understanding that they will not be identified as the
source, or who agrees to give a broadcast interview only on condition that their face is
obscured and/or voice disguised. Journalists are trained to recognize as the best onthe-
record
identifiable sources, but there is broad agreement that in some cases an anonymous
source is the only way to break a story. A source may wish to place
information in the public domain but may prefer to remain anonymous because they
fear retaliation, embarrassment, job loss, prosecution, physical reprisals, or even
death. However, anonymous sources are not necessarily lone individuals speaking out
about what they perceive as an injustice; they might just as easily be spin doctors
trying to plant stories to damage a rival or to 'fly a kite' that can subsequently be
denied. Before agreeing to confidentiality, a journalist will have to weigh up
arguments for and against, including whether the source can be trusted, why the
source does not wish to go public, what other evidence can be produced to support
the source's story, how the identity of the source might be kept secret, and whether
the public interest inherent in the story outweighs the lack of transparency and trust
involved in publishing information without a named source. Perhaps the most famous
confidential source in journalistic history is Deep Throat, who secretly provided
Washington Post journalists with tips, leads, and confirmation of information during
their Watergate investigation into the United States' White House under President
Richard Nixon in the early 1970s. Reporters Woodward and Bernstein protected the
identity of Deep Throat for more than 30 years, until 2005, when the source's own
family revealed him to be Mark Felt, who had been second-in-command of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) while leaking information. See also AP
Stylebook's Statement of News Values:
API: application programming interface correct answers e, a piece of software that
allows websites to
interact frequently to produce more relevant content for the user or to allow a user to
extract information from a dataset in a systematic way
Apps correct answers The word "app" is an abbreviation for application. Apps are a self-
contained program or
piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose, especially as downloaded by
a user to a mobile device. Apps are everywhere. They are popular and profitable.
Some examples: Facebook's main app, Google Search App and YouTube's mobile
app, were rated as among the three most popular apps in 2014
Attribution correct answers The practice of identifying a source. It is critical for reader
verification and
24-Hour News Cycle correct answers We live in a world where news spreads rapidly,
and each minute,
media disseminate new information without waiting for the newspaper to be printed
or the network television newscasts. When audiences expect news to arrive quickly,
platforms like Twitter even the playing field and allow average individuals to play the
reporter. News sources constantly update articles during the day and night, leaving
everyone informed about the latest developments. Some articles are even updated to
say that there are no new developments, which seems silly, but actually contributes to
the information sought by the public.
Abandondment: correct answers an advertising term that refers to when consumers
leaves items in their
shopping cart without purchasing it.
Ad Blocker correct answers a tool that has stops advertisements from appearing on
websites, including
places like YouTube, so that users can get to content more quickly without
distractions. Since sites make revenue off users seeing advertisements, this tool has
become problematic in recent years. Some sites do not allow users to visit if they have
an ad blocker installed.
Aggregator correct answers a website or feed that puts content from many different
sources into a more
easily usable or accessible format. Someone or something that gathers together
materials from a variety of sources.
Algorithm correct answers a program used to generate news articles for users, and
sometimes write
simplistic, fact-based stories (see algorithmic journalism). Algorithms that cumulate
content on social platforms such as Facebook allow users to have a more personalized
experience, receiving the articles that they want to read. However, some fear people
this will lead to people being less informed and reading less "spinach." ("Guide to
Automated Journalism" of the Tow Center.
Algorithmic Journalism or Robot Journalism correct answers news articles that are
generated by
computer programs. Through artificial intelligence (AI) software, stories are produced
automatically by machines rather than human reporters. These programs interpret,
organize, and present data in a readable format. Typically, the process involves an
algorithm that scans large amounts of provided data, selects from an assortment of
pre-programmed article structures, orders key points, and inserts details such as
names, places, amounts, rankings, statistics, and other figures. The output can also be
customized to fit a certain voice, tone, or style. As of 2016, only a few media
organizations have used automated journalism. Early adopters include news providers
,such as the Associated Press, Forbes, ProPublica, and The Los Angeles Times. Due
to the formulaic nature of automation, it is mainly used for stories based on statistics
and numerical figures. Automated journalism is sometimes seen as an opportunity to
free journalists from routine reporting, providing them with more time for complex
tasks. It also allows efficiency and cost-cutting, alleviating some financial burden that
many news organizations face. However, automated journalism is also perceived as a
threat to the authorship and quality of news and the precariousness of employment
within the industry. (Adapted from The Algorithm Method - Columbia Journalism
Review)
Alternative Media: correct answers : Media projects, often run by untrained and unpaid
activists that reject
and/or challenge the conventions and structures of mainstream commercial or
statefunded
media. Alternative and radical journalism can be found within many examples
of alternative media, but countless other forms of expression that have little or no
connection to journalism have also been labeled as alternative media, including
graffiti, flyposting, badge-making, pamphleteering, experimental film-making, creative
writing, music distribution, and fanzine production. Alternative media can be seen as
helping to form what might be described as an alternative public sphere in which
groups and individuals on the margins of mainstream culture and media can form
communities of interest within which they can communicate and debate issues of
mutual interest.
Analog correct answers A pre-digital form of broadcast media output that relies on the
transmission of
electromagnetic waves. The term is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to what
are perceived to be old-fashioned or legacy media. Compare to digital media. For
more info: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital
Anonymous Source: 1. correct answers A person who leaks information to a journalist
or other organization
(such as WikiLeaks) without the recipient necessarily knowing the identity of the
source. Such sources might leak information for any number of reasons, ranging from
malice and mischief to seeking to prevent crime, expose wrongdoing, or protect life.
An example of an anonymous source is Sarah Tisdall (1960-) a clerk with the Foreign
Office in the UK who in the 1980s secretly supplied the Guardian newspaper with a
photocopy of a confidential document concerning the arrival in the UK of US cruise
missiles . The newspaper did not know who its source was, but after making some
checks on the likely veracity of the leaked document, published a story based on its
contents. The government pursued the newspaper through the courts in an effort to
identify the source of the leak. Having lost its legal fight to protect its source, the
Guardian reluctantly handed over the photocopy, and markings on it led to the
identification and arrest of Sarah Tisdall, who was eventually jailed under the UK's
Official Secrets Act. The then Guardian editor Peter Preston subsequently reflected
that the newspaper should have destroyed the document as soon as the story had
, been written but not published, before the commencement of legal action by the
government. In 2007. The website WikiLeaks was established with the declared
intention of allowing sources to leak information safely and anonymously.
2. Confidential source: correct answers A person whose identity is known to the
journalist but who
supplies information on the understanding that they will not be identified as the
source, or who agrees to give a broadcast interview only on condition that their face is
obscured and/or voice disguised. Journalists are trained to recognize as the best onthe-
record
identifiable sources, but there is broad agreement that in some cases an anonymous
source is the only way to break a story. A source may wish to place
information in the public domain but may prefer to remain anonymous because they
fear retaliation, embarrassment, job loss, prosecution, physical reprisals, or even
death. However, anonymous sources are not necessarily lone individuals speaking out
about what they perceive as an injustice; they might just as easily be spin doctors
trying to plant stories to damage a rival or to 'fly a kite' that can subsequently be
denied. Before agreeing to confidentiality, a journalist will have to weigh up
arguments for and against, including whether the source can be trusted, why the
source does not wish to go public, what other evidence can be produced to support
the source's story, how the identity of the source might be kept secret, and whether
the public interest inherent in the story outweighs the lack of transparency and trust
involved in publishing information without a named source. Perhaps the most famous
confidential source in journalistic history is Deep Throat, who secretly provided
Washington Post journalists with tips, leads, and confirmation of information during
their Watergate investigation into the United States' White House under President
Richard Nixon in the early 1970s. Reporters Woodward and Bernstein protected the
identity of Deep Throat for more than 30 years, until 2005, when the source's own
family revealed him to be Mark Felt, who had been second-in-command of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) while leaking information. See also AP
Stylebook's Statement of News Values:
API: application programming interface correct answers e, a piece of software that
allows websites to
interact frequently to produce more relevant content for the user or to allow a user to
extract information from a dataset in a systematic way
Apps correct answers The word "app" is an abbreviation for application. Apps are a self-
contained program or
piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose, especially as downloaded by
a user to a mobile device. Apps are everywhere. They are popular and profitable.
Some examples: Facebook's main app, Google Search App and YouTube's mobile
app, were rated as among the three most popular apps in 2014
Attribution correct answers The practice of identifying a source. It is critical for reader
verification and
