NR224 Exam 2 Study Guide Revised
CH40: Oxygenation
1. What is atelectasis and how do we prevent it?
• Collapse of the alveoli that prevents the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Prevent it by using an incentive spirometer
2. Respiratory wise, what are you looking for/at when observing a patient?
• Chest rise and fall
3. What are the 6 P’s of dyspnea?
• -pulmonary bronchial constriction
• -possible foreign body
• -pulmonary embolus
• -pneumothorax
• -pump failure
• -pneumonia
4. If a patient has a pulse ox of 89% we do not immediately place on oxygen, what do we
do instead?
• -Confirm probe placement
• -Confirm that the oxygen delivery system is functioning and that the client is
receiving the prescribed oxygen levels.
• -Place the client is semi fowler's or fowler's position to promote chest expansion and
to maximize ventilation.
• -Encourage deep breathing
• -Remain with the client and provide emotional support to decrease anxiety.
5. What is orthopnea?
• Difficulty breathing while laying down( pt. uses multiple pillow to help breathe easier)
6. If a client is experience orthopnea while lying flat in bed, what intervention can
we recommend to improve their condition short term?
• Use multiple pillows when reclining to breathe easier or sits leaning forward with arms
elevated.
7. What are the clinical signs and symptoms of hypoxia?
• -restlessness
, • -increased respirations; pursed lips
• -increased HR
• -pale
• -delayed cap refill >10 seconds
• -use of accessory muscles
• -decreased LOC
• -dizziness
• -behavioral changes
8. What is the first sign of hypoxia that you will observe in a patient?
• Blood pressure is elevated
9. What clinical manifestations of hypoxia are found late stages?
• cyanosis
10. What do you do if you get an abnormal pulse ox reading that does not match your
physical assessment?
• Assess the temp for the hands and the room, take off any nail polish, check cap refill
a. Example: a SPO2 reading of 76% for a client who’s breathing is unlabored at a rate of 12
without evidence of hypoxia
11. Who should receive a flu vaccine?
12. Who should receive the pneumonia vaccine?
13. What are the different oxygen devices? What liters per minute do they require? Which
ones are used for oxygen support, which ones are used for oxygen and ventilation support?
• nasal canula: 1.5L/min
• face mask: 8-12L/min
• nonbreather face mask: 6-15L/min
• venturi mask:used for patients who have COPD
• face tent : 8-12L/minute
• oxygen tent and hood: 10-15L/min
14. What is the purpose of percussion?
• Percussion detects the presence of abnormal fluid or air in the lungs. It also
determines excursion
15. What is the importance of an incentive spirometer?
• Its noninvasive technique to maintain or promote voluntary deep breathing.
CH40: Oxygenation
1. What is atelectasis and how do we prevent it?
• Collapse of the alveoli that prevents the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• Prevent it by using an incentive spirometer
2. Respiratory wise, what are you looking for/at when observing a patient?
• Chest rise and fall
3. What are the 6 P’s of dyspnea?
• -pulmonary bronchial constriction
• -possible foreign body
• -pulmonary embolus
• -pneumothorax
• -pump failure
• -pneumonia
4. If a patient has a pulse ox of 89% we do not immediately place on oxygen, what do we
do instead?
• -Confirm probe placement
• -Confirm that the oxygen delivery system is functioning and that the client is
receiving the prescribed oxygen levels.
• -Place the client is semi fowler's or fowler's position to promote chest expansion and
to maximize ventilation.
• -Encourage deep breathing
• -Remain with the client and provide emotional support to decrease anxiety.
5. What is orthopnea?
• Difficulty breathing while laying down( pt. uses multiple pillow to help breathe easier)
6. If a client is experience orthopnea while lying flat in bed, what intervention can
we recommend to improve their condition short term?
• Use multiple pillows when reclining to breathe easier or sits leaning forward with arms
elevated.
7. What are the clinical signs and symptoms of hypoxia?
• -restlessness
, • -increased respirations; pursed lips
• -increased HR
• -pale
• -delayed cap refill >10 seconds
• -use of accessory muscles
• -decreased LOC
• -dizziness
• -behavioral changes
8. What is the first sign of hypoxia that you will observe in a patient?
• Blood pressure is elevated
9. What clinical manifestations of hypoxia are found late stages?
• cyanosis
10. What do you do if you get an abnormal pulse ox reading that does not match your
physical assessment?
• Assess the temp for the hands and the room, take off any nail polish, check cap refill
a. Example: a SPO2 reading of 76% for a client who’s breathing is unlabored at a rate of 12
without evidence of hypoxia
11. Who should receive a flu vaccine?
12. Who should receive the pneumonia vaccine?
13. What are the different oxygen devices? What liters per minute do they require? Which
ones are used for oxygen support, which ones are used for oxygen and ventilation support?
• nasal canula: 1.5L/min
• face mask: 8-12L/min
• nonbreather face mask: 6-15L/min
• venturi mask:used for patients who have COPD
• face tent : 8-12L/minute
• oxygen tent and hood: 10-15L/min
14. What is the purpose of percussion?
• Percussion detects the presence of abnormal fluid or air in the lungs. It also
determines excursion
15. What is the importance of an incentive spirometer?
• Its noninvasive technique to maintain or promote voluntary deep breathing.
