Earth and Environmental Science Exam (correct answers)
The four main areas studied in earth science: correct answers geology astronomy
meteorology ecology (GAME)
Define general question/ problem correct answers develop a question that can be
solved through experimentation
Define hypothesis correct answers prediction of a possible answer to the problem
Define independent variable correct answers a factor intentionally varied by the
experimenter
Define dependent variable correct answers a factor that may change as a result of the
independent variable
define control group correct answers serves as the standard for experiment
data collection definition? correct answers modifications and retesting to results
conclusion definition: correct answers a statement that rejects or accepts the hypothesis
what base units are used to measure length/distance correct answers meters
what base units are used to measure volume/capacity correct answers liters
what base units are used to measure mass/weight correct answers grams
what do closely spaced contour lines indicate? correct answers steepness
how can direction of streamflow be determined from a topographic map? correct
answers v's point upstream
what are three types of rock and how are each formed? correct answers igneous:
magma cools/hardens
metamorphic: heat and pressure
sedimentary: weathering/erosion
what force drives heat and pressure? correct answers earths interior heat
what force drives weathering and erosion? correct answers sun
what is the difference between intrusive and extrusive? correct answers intrusive:
magma hardens beneath surface
extrusive: magma hardens above surface
, what are the four textures of an igneous rock correct answers coarse, fine, glassy,
porphrytic
conglomerate characteristics correct answers rounded, sedimentary, clastic
breccia characteristics correct answers angled, sedimentary, clastic
what are the two major classifications of sedimentary rocks? correct answers clastic and
chemical
what are the three agents of metamorphism? correct answers heat, pressure,
hydrothermal solutions
what are characteristics of foliated metamorphic rocks? correct answers layered or
banded appearance
what are characteristics of nonfoliated metamorphic rocks? correct answers no banded
appearance
what is frost wedging? correct answers water freezes in cracks of a rock and wedges it
apart
what is exfoliation? correct answers peeling of surface layers from exposed bedrock
what is abrasion? correct answers wearing away of material by grinding action
what is mechanical weathering by animals/plants? correct answers plant growth and
burrowing
what is chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances correct answers oxidation
what is chemical weathering by reactions of water with other substances correct
answers hydrolysis
what is acid rain? correct answers rain water that contains an unusually high amount of
acid
4 components of soil: correct answers air, water, minerals, organic materials
a horizon: correct answers topsoil
b horizon: correct answers subsoil
c horizon: correct answers rock fragments and weathered parent material
The four main areas studied in earth science: correct answers geology astronomy
meteorology ecology (GAME)
Define general question/ problem correct answers develop a question that can be
solved through experimentation
Define hypothesis correct answers prediction of a possible answer to the problem
Define independent variable correct answers a factor intentionally varied by the
experimenter
Define dependent variable correct answers a factor that may change as a result of the
independent variable
define control group correct answers serves as the standard for experiment
data collection definition? correct answers modifications and retesting to results
conclusion definition: correct answers a statement that rejects or accepts the hypothesis
what base units are used to measure length/distance correct answers meters
what base units are used to measure volume/capacity correct answers liters
what base units are used to measure mass/weight correct answers grams
what do closely spaced contour lines indicate? correct answers steepness
how can direction of streamflow be determined from a topographic map? correct
answers v's point upstream
what are three types of rock and how are each formed? correct answers igneous:
magma cools/hardens
metamorphic: heat and pressure
sedimentary: weathering/erosion
what force drives heat and pressure? correct answers earths interior heat
what force drives weathering and erosion? correct answers sun
what is the difference between intrusive and extrusive? correct answers intrusive:
magma hardens beneath surface
extrusive: magma hardens above surface
, what are the four textures of an igneous rock correct answers coarse, fine, glassy,
porphrytic
conglomerate characteristics correct answers rounded, sedimentary, clastic
breccia characteristics correct answers angled, sedimentary, clastic
what are the two major classifications of sedimentary rocks? correct answers clastic and
chemical
what are the three agents of metamorphism? correct answers heat, pressure,
hydrothermal solutions
what are characteristics of foliated metamorphic rocks? correct answers layered or
banded appearance
what are characteristics of nonfoliated metamorphic rocks? correct answers no banded
appearance
what is frost wedging? correct answers water freezes in cracks of a rock and wedges it
apart
what is exfoliation? correct answers peeling of surface layers from exposed bedrock
what is abrasion? correct answers wearing away of material by grinding action
what is mechanical weathering by animals/plants? correct answers plant growth and
burrowing
what is chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances correct answers oxidation
what is chemical weathering by reactions of water with other substances correct
answers hydrolysis
what is acid rain? correct answers rain water that contains an unusually high amount of
acid
4 components of soil: correct answers air, water, minerals, organic materials
a horizon: correct answers topsoil
b horizon: correct answers subsoil
c horizon: correct answers rock fragments and weathered parent material
