Pick either the Ramirez & Beilock (2011) paper OR the Ambady, Shih, Kim &
Pittinsky (2001) paper. You’ll need to read the whole paper to understand the
context, but you only need to answer the questions below based on
Experiment 1. Both of these papers are published in top psychology journals.
Due to their brief nature, they do not adhere to APA format. If you choose the
Ramirez paper, please note that they describe all 4 experiments together
(rather than in separate sections). You should be able to summarize the
methods based on what they have in the paper, if something is unclear you
can refer to the longer version of the methods contained in the
supplementary materials section. Please write your answers in your own
words DO NOT copy-paste or quote directly from the article.
Question
a) What was the broad question being asked by this research project (as a
whole)?
Why do pressure-filled exam situations undermine some students’ performance?
b) What was the specific question being asked by this research project
(specific to experiment 1)?
Does writing down thoughts about an upcoming examination immediately prior to
sitting the test improve students' test performance?
Experiment 1: Alternatives
a) What was the author’s hypothesis?
Ramirez and Beilock, the authors of the article, hypothesized that by enabling students
to write down their thoughts prior the exam would cause the pressure to deteriorate,
and thus enhance students’ test performance.
b) What were the alternative hypotheses?
An alternative hypothesis was that the students’ ability to perform better in low
pressure situations is higher in comparison to high pressure situations. However, letting
students write their thoughts about an upcoming exam prior taking the exam would
abolish the “choking-under-pressure effect”. Another alternative hypothesis is that
students who are susceptible to worry during exams may have a higher test
performance from the writing intervention, if expressive writing really does reduce the
impact of worry on test performance.
Experiment 1: Logic
What was the logic of the hypotheses? If the author’s hypothesis is true, then
what should happen?
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