LECTURE NOTE
on
PROGRAMMING IN “C”
COURSE CODE: MCA 101
By
Asst. Professor Mrs Etuari Oram
Asst. Prof. Mr Bighnaraj Naik
, SYLLABUS
Module –I
C Language Fundamentals.
Character set, Identifiers, keyword, data types, Constants and variables, statements,
expression, operators, precedence of operators, Input-output, Assignments, control
structures decision making and branching.
Module -II
Arrays, Functions and Strings: Declaration, manipulation and String – handling
functions, monolithic vs. Modular programs, user defined vs. standard functions, formal vs. actual
arguments, function – category, function prototypes, parameter passing, recursion, and storage
classes: auto, extern, global, static.
Module –III
Pointers, Structures, Unions, File handling:
Pointer variable and its importance, pointer arithmetic, passing parameters, Declaration of
structures, pointer to pointer, pointer to structure, pointer to function, union, dynamic memory
allocation, file managements.
2 *Under revision
,CONTENTS
Module: 1
Lecture 1: Introduction to C
Lecture 2: Structure of C, compilation, execution
Lecture 3:character set, identifiers, keywords
Lecture 4: constants, variables
Lecture 5: expression, operators
Lecture 6: operators continue…
Lecture 7: loops: do while, while
Lecture 8: for loop, break, continue statement
Lecture 9: control Statements
Lecture 10: nesting of if else…, if else ladder
Lecture 11: arrays
Lecture 12: 2-diamensional array
Module: 2
3 *Under revision
, Lecture 13: String library functions
Lecture 14: functions, categories
Lecture 15: functions categories cont..
Lecture 16: Actual arguments and Formal arguments, call by value call
by reference
Lecture 17:local, global, static variable
Lecture 18: monolithic vs modular programming, Storage
classes Lecture 19:storage class cont.., pointer
Lecture 20: pointer comparison, increment decrement
Lecture 21: precedence level of pointer, pointer comparison
Lecture 22: pointer to pointer, pointer to structure
Lecture 23: pointer initialization, accessing elements
Module: 3
Lecture 24: size of Structure in, array vs structure, array within structure
Lecture 25: passing structure to function, Nested Structure
Lecture 26: Union
Lecture 27: nesting of unions, dynamic memory allocation
Lecture 28: dynamic memory allocation conti…
Lecture 29: dynamic array, file
Lecture 30: file operation
Lecture 31: file operation on string
Lecture 32:
Lecture 33:
4 *Under revision
, Lecture Note: 1
Introduction to C
C is a programming language developed at AT & T’s Bell Laboratories of USA
in 1972. It was designed and written by a man named Dennis Ritchie. In the late
seventies C began to replace the more familiar languages of that time like PL/I,
ALGOL, etc
ANSI C standard emerged in the early 1980s, this book was split into two
titles: The original was still called Programming in C, and the title that covered
ANSI C was called Programming in ANSI C. This was done because it took
several years for the compiler vendors to release their ANSI C compilers and for
them to become ubiquitous. It was initially designed for programming UNIX
operating system. Now the software tool as well as the C compiler is written in C.
Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux is still
written in C. This is because even today when it comes to performance (speed of
execution) nothing beats C. Moreover, if one is to extend the operating system
to work with new devices one needs to write device driver programs. These
programs are exclusively written in C. C seems so popular is because it is reliable,
simple and easy to use. often heard today is – “C has been already superceded
by languages like C++, C# and Java.
Program
5 *Under revision
, There is a close analogy between learning English language and learning C
language. The classical method of learning English is to first learn the alphabets
used in the language, then learn to combine these alphabets to form words, which
in turn are combined to form sentences and sentences are combined to form
paragraphs. Learning C is similar and easier. Instead of straight-away learning
how to write programs, we must first know what alphabets, numbers and special
symbols are used in C, then how using them constants, variables and keywords are
constructed, and finally how are these combined to form an instruction. A group
of instructions would be combined later on to form a program. So
a computer program is just a collection of the instructions necessary to solve a
specific problem. The basic operations of a computer system form what is known
as the computer’s instruction set. And the approach or method that is used to solve
the problem is known as an algorithm.
So for as programming language concern these are of two types.
1) Low level language
2) High level language
Low level language:
6 *Under revision
on
PROGRAMMING IN “C”
COURSE CODE: MCA 101
By
Asst. Professor Mrs Etuari Oram
Asst. Prof. Mr Bighnaraj Naik
, SYLLABUS
Module –I
C Language Fundamentals.
Character set, Identifiers, keyword, data types, Constants and variables, statements,
expression, operators, precedence of operators, Input-output, Assignments, control
structures decision making and branching.
Module -II
Arrays, Functions and Strings: Declaration, manipulation and String – handling
functions, monolithic vs. Modular programs, user defined vs. standard functions, formal vs. actual
arguments, function – category, function prototypes, parameter passing, recursion, and storage
classes: auto, extern, global, static.
Module –III
Pointers, Structures, Unions, File handling:
Pointer variable and its importance, pointer arithmetic, passing parameters, Declaration of
structures, pointer to pointer, pointer to structure, pointer to function, union, dynamic memory
allocation, file managements.
2 *Under revision
,CONTENTS
Module: 1
Lecture 1: Introduction to C
Lecture 2: Structure of C, compilation, execution
Lecture 3:character set, identifiers, keywords
Lecture 4: constants, variables
Lecture 5: expression, operators
Lecture 6: operators continue…
Lecture 7: loops: do while, while
Lecture 8: for loop, break, continue statement
Lecture 9: control Statements
Lecture 10: nesting of if else…, if else ladder
Lecture 11: arrays
Lecture 12: 2-diamensional array
Module: 2
3 *Under revision
, Lecture 13: String library functions
Lecture 14: functions, categories
Lecture 15: functions categories cont..
Lecture 16: Actual arguments and Formal arguments, call by value call
by reference
Lecture 17:local, global, static variable
Lecture 18: monolithic vs modular programming, Storage
classes Lecture 19:storage class cont.., pointer
Lecture 20: pointer comparison, increment decrement
Lecture 21: precedence level of pointer, pointer comparison
Lecture 22: pointer to pointer, pointer to structure
Lecture 23: pointer initialization, accessing elements
Module: 3
Lecture 24: size of Structure in, array vs structure, array within structure
Lecture 25: passing structure to function, Nested Structure
Lecture 26: Union
Lecture 27: nesting of unions, dynamic memory allocation
Lecture 28: dynamic memory allocation conti…
Lecture 29: dynamic array, file
Lecture 30: file operation
Lecture 31: file operation on string
Lecture 32:
Lecture 33:
4 *Under revision
, Lecture Note: 1
Introduction to C
C is a programming language developed at AT & T’s Bell Laboratories of USA
in 1972. It was designed and written by a man named Dennis Ritchie. In the late
seventies C began to replace the more familiar languages of that time like PL/I,
ALGOL, etc
ANSI C standard emerged in the early 1980s, this book was split into two
titles: The original was still called Programming in C, and the title that covered
ANSI C was called Programming in ANSI C. This was done because it took
several years for the compiler vendors to release their ANSI C compilers and for
them to become ubiquitous. It was initially designed for programming UNIX
operating system. Now the software tool as well as the C compiler is written in C.
Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux is still
written in C. This is because even today when it comes to performance (speed of
execution) nothing beats C. Moreover, if one is to extend the operating system
to work with new devices one needs to write device driver programs. These
programs are exclusively written in C. C seems so popular is because it is reliable,
simple and easy to use. often heard today is – “C has been already superceded
by languages like C++, C# and Java.
Program
5 *Under revision
, There is a close analogy between learning English language and learning C
language. The classical method of learning English is to first learn the alphabets
used in the language, then learn to combine these alphabets to form words, which
in turn are combined to form sentences and sentences are combined to form
paragraphs. Learning C is similar and easier. Instead of straight-away learning
how to write programs, we must first know what alphabets, numbers and special
symbols are used in C, then how using them constants, variables and keywords are
constructed, and finally how are these combined to form an instruction. A group
of instructions would be combined later on to form a program. So
a computer program is just a collection of the instructions necessary to solve a
specific problem. The basic operations of a computer system form what is known
as the computer’s instruction set. And the approach or method that is used to solve
the problem is known as an algorithm.
So for as programming language concern these are of two types.
1) Low level language
2) High level language
Low level language:
6 *Under revision
