FNDH 400 final exam 2022/2023 questions and answers
T/F Your friend synthesizes a compound that is 3 fructoses and 4 galactose
bonded together. This compound is selectively fermented by beneficial colon
bacteria and thus is both polysaccharide and a probiotic
False, Your friend synthesizes a compound that is 3 fructoses and 4 galactose bonded
together. This compound is selectively fermented by beneficial colon bacteria and thus
is both OLIGOSACCHARIDE and a PREBIOTIC
T/F Different than the PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, a single
reference pattern, and is truncated.
False, Different than the PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, MULTIPLE
reference pattern, and is NOT truncated.
T/F Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby
increasing the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas
production that can lead to flatulence.
False, Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the ALPHA 1-6 BONDS in
OLIGOSACCHARIDES thereby DECREASING the fermentation by the microbiota in
the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence.
T/F People with PKU need to avoid foods containing acefulfame-K because they
have a mutation in tyrosine hydroxylase.
False, People with PKU need to avoid foods containing ASPARTAME because they
have a mutation in PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE
T/F Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will result in less free
fructose available for uptake than the free fructose found in high fructose corn
syrup.
False, Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will result in ROUGHLY THE
SAME AMOUNT OF fructose available for uptake COMPARED TO the free fructose
found in high fructose corn syrup.
T/F Fermenable, viscous fiber is he best option to increase in someone wanting
to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time
False, NONFermenable, NONviscous fiber is he best option to increase in someone
wanting to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time
T/F Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids elongated from the omega-6 essential
fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are more inflammatory than those produced from
fatty acids elongated from the essential omega-3 fatty acid Linoleic acid
False, Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids elongated from the omega-3 essential
fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are LESS inflammatory than those produced from fatty
acids elongated from the essential omega-6 fatty acid Linoleic acid
T/F Saccharine is similar in structure to sucrose, the only difference being
chlorines that replace alcohols groups
False, SUCRALOSE is similar in structure to sucrose, the only difference being
chlorines that replace alcohols groups
T/F Sugar alcohols (polyols) are a good option for chewing gum because they are
not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth decreasing acid production and
thus cavity formation.
True
, T/F complementary proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different
lacking amino acids, thus combining them together hey compensate for the
lacking amino acid in the other food.
False, complementary proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different
LIMITING amino acids, thus combining them together hey compensate for the
LIMITING amino acid in the other food.
T/F Bile, which is produced by the pancreas and concentrated in the liver, helps
neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the duodenum
False, Bile, which is produced by the LIVER and concentrated in the GALLBLADDER,
HELPS EMULSIFY LIPIDS
Name the only macronutrient that is digested to any great extent in the mouth and
the enzyme responsible for this action
Carbohydrates, Salivary amylase
Name the components of pancreatic juice. What is the function of these
compnents?
Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate helps to neutralize the acidic chyme
that enters the duodenum. Most of the digestive enzymes active in the small intestine
are provided by pancreatic juice. Thus, without it digestion of macronutrients would not
occur.
What alternative sweetener is a concern for individuals with PKU? Why is it a
concern for those with PKU?
Aspartame. It is a concern because it is broken down into phenylalanine, which is an
amino acid hat individuals with PKU need to limi because they can't metabolize I and it
can lead to adverse effects if consumed at too high levels
Gastric Juice improperly moving back up into the esophagus results in what
condition? What is not properly functioning to allow this to occur?
Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease is a result of a leaky lower esophageal
sphincter
What are the bond differences between glycogen, oligosaccharides, and
cellulose?
Glycogens chains are alpha 1-4 bonds with alpha 1-6 bond branch point
Oligosaccharides confina alpha 1-6 bonds
Cellulose contains beta bonds
Name two alternative sweeteners that are derived from natural sources (not
artitifical or synthesized)
Luo Han Gul Extract
Partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of what
type of fatty acids? what the pros and cons of these fatty acids?
Trans fatty acids
The pros are that trans fatty acids increase the melting point of the oil, making it solid
and room temperature and thus easier to handle
the cons are the consumption of trans fat increases LDL and decreases HDL
Briefly describe the digestion processes in the stomach and which macronutrient
is not digested to any great extent?
Gastrin stimulates the release of pepsinogen, gastric lipase and HCI. HCI activates
pepsinogen to pepsin, which digests protein. Gastric lipase cleaves triglycerides. Mucus
T/F Your friend synthesizes a compound that is 3 fructoses and 4 galactose
bonded together. This compound is selectively fermented by beneficial colon
bacteria and thus is both polysaccharide and a probiotic
False, Your friend synthesizes a compound that is 3 fructoses and 4 galactose bonded
together. This compound is selectively fermented by beneficial colon bacteria and thus
is both OLIGOSACCHARIDE and a PREBIOTIC
T/F Different than the PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, a single
reference pattern, and is truncated.
False, Different than the PDCAAS, the DIAAS uses ill vs total digestibility, MULTIPLE
reference pattern, and is NOT truncated.
T/F Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby
increasing the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas
production that can lead to flatulence.
False, Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the ALPHA 1-6 BONDS in
OLIGOSACCHARIDES thereby DECREASING the fermentation by the microbiota in
the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence.
T/F People with PKU need to avoid foods containing acefulfame-K because they
have a mutation in tyrosine hydroxylase.
False, People with PKU need to avoid foods containing ASPARTAME because they
have a mutation in PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE
T/F Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will result in less free
fructose available for uptake than the free fructose found in high fructose corn
syrup.
False, Since fructose in sucrose is bonded to glucose, it will result in ROUGHLY THE
SAME AMOUNT OF fructose available for uptake COMPARED TO the free fructose
found in high fructose corn syrup.
T/F Fermenable, viscous fiber is he best option to increase in someone wanting
to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time
False, NONFermenable, NONviscous fiber is he best option to increase in someone
wanting to increase their stool bulk to decrease their fecal transit time
T/F Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids elongated from the omega-6 essential
fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are more inflammatory than those produced from
fatty acids elongated from the essential omega-3 fatty acid Linoleic acid
False, Eicosaniods produced from fatty acids elongated from the omega-3 essential
fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid are LESS inflammatory than those produced from fatty
acids elongated from the essential omega-6 fatty acid Linoleic acid
T/F Saccharine is similar in structure to sucrose, the only difference being
chlorines that replace alcohols groups
False, SUCRALOSE is similar in structure to sucrose, the only difference being
chlorines that replace alcohols groups
T/F Sugar alcohols (polyols) are a good option for chewing gum because they are
not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth decreasing acid production and
thus cavity formation.
True
, T/F complementary proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different
lacking amino acids, thus combining them together hey compensate for the
lacking amino acid in the other food.
False, complementary proteins are two incomplete proteins that have different
LIMITING amino acids, thus combining them together hey compensate for the
LIMITING amino acid in the other food.
T/F Bile, which is produced by the pancreas and concentrated in the liver, helps
neutralize acidic chyme as it enters the duodenum
False, Bile, which is produced by the LIVER and concentrated in the GALLBLADDER,
HELPS EMULSIFY LIPIDS
Name the only macronutrient that is digested to any great extent in the mouth and
the enzyme responsible for this action
Carbohydrates, Salivary amylase
Name the components of pancreatic juice. What is the function of these
compnents?
Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes. Bicarbonate helps to neutralize the acidic chyme
that enters the duodenum. Most of the digestive enzymes active in the small intestine
are provided by pancreatic juice. Thus, without it digestion of macronutrients would not
occur.
What alternative sweetener is a concern for individuals with PKU? Why is it a
concern for those with PKU?
Aspartame. It is a concern because it is broken down into phenylalanine, which is an
amino acid hat individuals with PKU need to limi because they can't metabolize I and it
can lead to adverse effects if consumed at too high levels
Gastric Juice improperly moving back up into the esophagus results in what
condition? What is not properly functioning to allow this to occur?
Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease is a result of a leaky lower esophageal
sphincter
What are the bond differences between glycogen, oligosaccharides, and
cellulose?
Glycogens chains are alpha 1-4 bonds with alpha 1-6 bond branch point
Oligosaccharides confina alpha 1-6 bonds
Cellulose contains beta bonds
Name two alternative sweeteners that are derived from natural sources (not
artitifical or synthesized)
Luo Han Gul Extract
Partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of what
type of fatty acids? what the pros and cons of these fatty acids?
Trans fatty acids
The pros are that trans fatty acids increase the melting point of the oil, making it solid
and room temperature and thus easier to handle
the cons are the consumption of trans fat increases LDL and decreases HDL
Briefly describe the digestion processes in the stomach and which macronutrient
is not digested to any great extent?
Gastrin stimulates the release of pepsinogen, gastric lipase and HCI. HCI activates
pepsinogen to pepsin, which digests protein. Gastric lipase cleaves triglycerides. Mucus
