Ichthyology Exam 1 (correct answers)

Ichthyology Exam 1 (correct answers)
GLOBIFORM correct answers

FUSIFORM correct answers FOOTBALLS
-Hydrodynamic
-Fast swimmers: Sustained
-Energetically costly
-Thin caudal peduncles
FINS: evenly spaced along body for energy conservation.
PHYSICS: thickest cross-section (~.36 from nose)

FILLIFORM correct answers LONG AND THIN

DEPRESSIFORM correct answers DORSO-VENTRAL COMPRESSION
-Skates/Rays/Anglers
-Bottom dwellers (get out of the current)

COMPRESSIFORM correct answers LATERAL COMPRESSION
-Strong swimmers:Not Sustained:Burst

ANGUILLOFORM correct answers EEL-SHAPED
-Eels
-Crevice hiders/livers

SAGITTIFORM correct answers ARROW-SHAPED
-Barracudas
-Lie and wait until food comes (doesn't pursue food)
-Increasing surface area of tail by pushing fins toward posterior
-Move a lot of water quickly, but this burns a lot of energy.
-Not hydrodynamic.
FINS: Posterior positions

TAENIFORM correct answers

DORSAL/SUPERIOR correct answers

ANTERIOR/TERMINAL correct answers

VENTRAL/INFERIOR correct answers

LUNATE correct answers Moon-Shaped
-Paired with thin caudal peduncles; FUSIFORM (sustained)

FORKED correct answers Related to lunate, just not as extreme
ACTIVE/STRONG SWIMMERS (not sustained)

,EMARGINATE correct answers Barely forked

TRUNCATE correct answers Straight edge

ROUNDED correct answers

CONTINUOUS correct answers

PLACOID correct answers

GANOID correct answers

CTENOID correct answers

CYCLOID correct answers

Ichthyology History correct answers U.S. (1812)
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences
Maclure

History: Mitchell correct answers 1815
-Freshwater to marine
-Marine ichthyology
-"FISHES OF NEW YORK": included known marine species

History: Kirtland correct answers 1840's
-"FISHES OF LAKE EERIE": discredited the fictitious fishes in Rafinesque's book.

History: Rafinesque correct answers 1820
-"ICHTHYOLOGICA OHIENSIS": 10 species fictitious
-Wabash River and Ohio Drainage

History: Holbrook correct answers 1850's
-"FISHES OF SOUTH CAROLINA"
-1855 and 1860 publications
-Mostly game fish BUT also marine
STUDENTS: Baird and Girard

History: Baird and Girard correct answers 1850's
-Bureau of Fisheries: Manage U.S Fishes
-Fish and Wildlife Service

History: Cope correct answers 1870's
-"COPEIA"
-More into paleontology

, -1,400 papers and 1,000 invertebrate species
-Marsh pointed out discrepancies in Cope's findings

History: DS Jordan (Pre-Comeback) correct answers Late 1800's
-"FISHES OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA": All known fishes (fresh and marine) to
date
STUDENTS: Hubbs, Goode, Bean, Garman

History: Hubbs correct answers 1900-1915
STUDENT: Miller

History: Goode correct answers Late 1800's
-New discipline: Fisheries science
-First person to study deep-sea fish: Technology made it feasible

History: Bean correct answers Late 1800's
-Oceanic Ichthyology

History: Garman correct answers Late 1800's
-First species studies on sharks

History: Jordan (Post-Comeback) correct answers 1900-1915
-"A GUIDE STUDY FISHES"
-Claims freshwater studies: how to study them
-"THE GENERA FISHES": All world fishes
-"THE CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES": How related to each other

History: Miller correct answers 1900-1915
-"THE FISHES OF MEXICO"

External Morph.: Scales of Agnathans correct answers "Naked" with no scales
-Lampreys, hagfishes: lampreys are parasitic

External Morph.: Scales of Chondricthyes correct answers PLACOID: Denticles
(Cartilaganous)
-Inner Layer: Pulp/Connective Tissue
-Middle Layer: Dentine
-Outer Layer: Vitrodentine

Number of scales increases with growth

External Morph.: Scales of Coelacanths & Lungfishes correct answers COSMOID:
Similar to placoid scales
-Inner Layer: Boney
-Middle Layer: Dentine
-Outer Layer: Vitrodentine