ATI Med-Surg Test Questions Fluid and Electrolytes Balance and Disturbance 100% Correct Answers, Download to score A Question A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic feeling thirsty with dry, sticky mucous membranes; decreased urine output; fever; a rough tongue; and is lethargic. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/l (145 mmol/L). Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
No, sodium intake should be restricted.
Question A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO 3–), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:
respiratory alkalosis.
Question A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO 2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO 3) of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings?
Respiratory alkalosis
Question A client experiencing a severe anxiety attack and hyperventilating presents to the emergency department. The nurse would expect the client’s pH value to be
7.50
Question A client has been admitted to the hospital unit with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia; however, the client has not lost weight. The client exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What condition could the client be presenting?
third-spacing
Question A client has been diagnosed with an intestinal obstruction and has a nasogastric tube set to low continuous suction. Which acid-base disturbance is this client at risk for developing?
Metabolic alkalosis
Question A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO 3–), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which disorder?
Metabolic acidosis
Question A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
Light-headedness or paresthesia
Question A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO 3–) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic alkalosis
Question A client is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. The client’s serum calcium concentration is 7.6 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). Which physical examination finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance?
Presence of Trousseau sign
Question A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Laboratory results reveal serum sodium level 130 mEq/L and urine specific gravity 1.030. Which nursing intervention helps prevent complications associated with SIADH?
Restricting fluids to 800 ml/day
Question A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse informs the client that the physician will order diuretic therapy and restrict fluid and sodium intake to treat the disorder. If the client doesn't comply with the recommended treatment, which complication may arise?
Cerebral edema
Question A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should anticipate which laboratory test result?
No, sodium intake should be restricted.
Question A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO 3–), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:
respiratory alkalosis.
Question A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO 2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO 3) of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings?
Respiratory alkalosis
Question A client experiencing a severe anxiety attack and hyperventilating presents to the emergency department. The nurse would expect the client’s pH value to be
7.50
Question A client has been admitted to the hospital unit with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia; however, the client has not lost weight. The client exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What condition could the client be presenting?
third-spacing
Question A client has been diagnosed with an intestinal obstruction and has a nasogastric tube set to low continuous suction. Which acid-base disturbance is this client at risk for developing?
Metabolic alkalosis
Question A client has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.12; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 40 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO 3–), 15 mEq/L. These ABG values suggest which disorder?
Metabolic acidosis
Question A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?
Light-headedness or paresthesia
Question A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO 3–) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic alkalosis
Question A client is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. The client’s serum calcium concentration is 7.6 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). Which physical examination finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance?
Presence of Trousseau sign
Question A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Laboratory results reveal serum sodium level 130 mEq/L and urine specific gravity 1.030. Which nursing intervention helps prevent complications associated with SIADH?
Restricting fluids to 800 ml/day
Question A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse informs the client that the physician will order diuretic therapy and restrict fluid and sodium intake to treat the disorder. If the client doesn't comply with the recommended treatment, which complication may arise?
Cerebral edema
Question A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should anticipate which laboratory test result?
