Biology 250 Exam 1 2023 with verified questions and answers

true (true/false) a student has obtained a sample of pond water for study. Using the high-power lens, he observes several cells with nuclei. He can conclude that the cells are NOT bacteria microorganism a living organism too small to be seen with naked eye; includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and microscope algae; also includes viruses. (not all are negative) pathogenic a disease causing organism false (true/false) all cells possess a cell wall. genus the first name of the scientific name(binomial) the taxon between family and species // must be capitalized ex; Homo sapiens species the second name in a scientific binomial, the most specific level in the taxonomic hierarchy // must be lower case and italicized Homo sapiens false (true/false) covalent bonds are always shared equally. bacteria domain of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptioglycan cell walls prokaryotes a cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope archea domain of prokaryotic cells lacking peptioglycan; one of the three domains fungus an organism that belongs to the kingdom fungi; a eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph protozoa unicellular eukaryotic organisms; usually chemoheterotrophic algae a photosyntheic eukaryote; may be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular but lack the tissues found in plants. viruses a submicroscopic, parasitic, filterable agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. helminths a parasitic roundworm or flatworm cell theory all living organisms are composed of cells and arise from preexisting cells (hookes discovery) spontaneous generation the idea that life can arise spontaneously from non living matter biogenesis the theory that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells aseptic techniques laboratory techniques used to minimize contamination fermentation the enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule, ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation, and O2 is not required pasteurization the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens germ theory of disease the principle tat microorganisms cause disease Koch's postulates criteria used to determine the causative agent of infectious diseases immunity the protection from disease provided by vaccination (or by the recovery of the disease itself) chemotherapy treatment of disease with chemical substance antibiotics an antimicrobial agent, usually produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus synthetic drugs a chemotherapeutic agent that is prepared from chemicals in a laboratory bacteriology the scientific study of prokaryotes, including bacteria and archaea mycology the scientific study of fungi parasitology the scientific study of parasitic protozoa and worms genomics the study of genes and their function immunology the study of host's defenses to a pathogen virology the scientific study of viruses rDNA a dna molecule produced by combining DNA from two different sources rDNA technology manufacturing and manipulating genetic material in vitro; also called genetic engineering molecular biology the science dealing with dna and protein synthesis of a living organism bioremediation the use of microbes to remove an environmental pollutant. biotechnology the industrial application of microorganisms, cells or cell components to make a useful product gene therapy treating a disease by replacing abnormal genes normal microbiota the microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease also called normal flora resistance the ability to ward off disease through innate and adaptive immunity biofilm a microbial community that usually forms a slimy layer on a surface infectious disease a disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and carry out at least part of their life cycle in the host EID a new or changing disease that is increasing or has the potential to increase in incidence in the near future false (true/false) a basic solution is expected to contain more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions.