Geochemistry (correct answers)
Geology correct answers Direct observation and interpretations of field relations to infer
history and present state of Earth
Geochemistry correct answers Application of principles of chemistry to understanding
the Earth
Extensive variable correct answers Variable based on size of a system (mass, volume)
System correct answers Portion of the universe that is of interest for a problem defined
by boundaries
Isolated system correct answers No matter or energy exchanged
Closed System correct answers Exchange energy, not matter
Open system correct answers Both energy and matter exchanged
Intensive Variable correct answers Independent of size of the system (temperature,
pressure, density)
Thermodynamic Equilibrium correct answers Use to predict which substances will be
stable and in what proportions
Kinetics correct answers Study of pathway along which the system may evolve between
states of equilibrium and determine the rate of change
Phase correct answers Substance with continuous physical or chemical properties that
can be mechanically separated from any other mass
Solution correct answers Mixture of two or more chemical species
Component correct answers Chemical end member formula used to describe the
composition of all phases in a system
End member correct answers Mineral at the extreme end of a mineral series in terms of
purity
Mole fraction correct answers Ratio of 3 of moles of the species relative to total # of
moles in all species of solution
Solute correct answers The species present in small concentrations relative to the
solvent
Molarity correct answers M= moles of solute / 1000 cm^3
, Unit= mol/L
Molality (m) correct answers Moles of solute/1000 g of solvent, based on mass
Chemical reaction/equilibrium equation correct answers Written so that reactants and
products are balanced
Adiabatic correct answers Process that occurs with no heat exchange across
boundaries
Isobaric correct answers Process that occurs at constant pressures
Heat correct answers Transferred from hot to cold during equilibrium, Kinetic Energy
Ionic Radius correct answers Radius of an atom's ion
Chalcophile correct answers Forms sulfides
Siderophile correct answers Forms metallic alloy, weak affinity for oxygen and sulfur
Atmophile correct answers Elements commonly found as gases
O, N H, noble gases
Nuclear Force correct answers Attractive force of nuclides that repulse electromagnetic
forces
Binding energy correct answers Energy required to separate the nucleus into ins
individual constituents
Redshift correct answers Occurs when a light source moves away from the observer
Cosmological Nucleosynthesis Progression correct answers Primordial Nucleosynthesis
— Stellar Nucleosynthesis — Explosive Nucleosynthesis — Galactic Nucleosynthesis
Supernova correct answers Star explosion= blow out all synthesized elements back into
interstellar space
s process correct answers Within 2nd generation stars
Subsequent reaction involving neutrons that explain formation of nuclide with mass > 56
Equilibrium Condensation correct answers Temperature at which most refractory solid
phase containing that element first becomes stable
Work correct answers Transfer of mechanical energy between objects at different initial
pressures
Geology correct answers Direct observation and interpretations of field relations to infer
history and present state of Earth
Geochemistry correct answers Application of principles of chemistry to understanding
the Earth
Extensive variable correct answers Variable based on size of a system (mass, volume)
System correct answers Portion of the universe that is of interest for a problem defined
by boundaries
Isolated system correct answers No matter or energy exchanged
Closed System correct answers Exchange energy, not matter
Open system correct answers Both energy and matter exchanged
Intensive Variable correct answers Independent of size of the system (temperature,
pressure, density)
Thermodynamic Equilibrium correct answers Use to predict which substances will be
stable and in what proportions
Kinetics correct answers Study of pathway along which the system may evolve between
states of equilibrium and determine the rate of change
Phase correct answers Substance with continuous physical or chemical properties that
can be mechanically separated from any other mass
Solution correct answers Mixture of two or more chemical species
Component correct answers Chemical end member formula used to describe the
composition of all phases in a system
End member correct answers Mineral at the extreme end of a mineral series in terms of
purity
Mole fraction correct answers Ratio of 3 of moles of the species relative to total # of
moles in all species of solution
Solute correct answers The species present in small concentrations relative to the
solvent
Molarity correct answers M= moles of solute / 1000 cm^3
, Unit= mol/L
Molality (m) correct answers Moles of solute/1000 g of solvent, based on mass
Chemical reaction/equilibrium equation correct answers Written so that reactants and
products are balanced
Adiabatic correct answers Process that occurs with no heat exchange across
boundaries
Isobaric correct answers Process that occurs at constant pressures
Heat correct answers Transferred from hot to cold during equilibrium, Kinetic Energy
Ionic Radius correct answers Radius of an atom's ion
Chalcophile correct answers Forms sulfides
Siderophile correct answers Forms metallic alloy, weak affinity for oxygen and sulfur
Atmophile correct answers Elements commonly found as gases
O, N H, noble gases
Nuclear Force correct answers Attractive force of nuclides that repulse electromagnetic
forces
Binding energy correct answers Energy required to separate the nucleus into ins
individual constituents
Redshift correct answers Occurs when a light source moves away from the observer
Cosmological Nucleosynthesis Progression correct answers Primordial Nucleosynthesis
— Stellar Nucleosynthesis — Explosive Nucleosynthesis — Galactic Nucleosynthesis
Supernova correct answers Star explosion= blow out all synthesized elements back into
interstellar space
s process correct answers Within 2nd generation stars
Subsequent reaction involving neutrons that explain formation of nuclide with mass > 56
Equilibrium Condensation correct answers Temperature at which most refractory solid
phase containing that element first becomes stable
Work correct answers Transfer of mechanical energy between objects at different initial
pressures
