Geochemistry Quiz (correct answers)
In isotopic fractionation due to kinetic reactions correct answers the products are
isotopically lighter than the reactants
Stable Isotope applictions correct answers Thermometry, Tracers and Proxies, Reaction
mechanisms
Four reservoirs of the hydrological cycle correct answers the ocean, ice caps, fresh
water, atmosphere
Lightest water molecule correct answers H2^(16)^O
Heaviest water molecule correct answers D2^(18)^O
Evaporation correct answers 1.Equilibrium isotope fractionation
2.Kinetic isotope fractionation
Equilibrium isotope fractionation correct answers the mass difference between the
lightest/heaviest water molecules result in a higher vapor pressure (higher boiling point)
of the heavier water molecules
--> water vapour is isotopically light
Kinetic isotope fractionation correct answers the mass difference also results in the
lighter water molecules moving and evaporating slightly faster than the heavier water
molecules
--> water vapour is isotopically even lighter than expected
Condensation correct answers equilibrium fractionation process only
isotopic fractionation during condensation processes is dependent on temperature
Rayleigh distillation equation correct answers quantifies isotope fractionation during
evaporation/condensation processes
At higher latitude evaporation of water produces more ____ isotopic fractionation
correct answers extreme
Time periods with higher ice accumulation leaves the ocean isotopically ________
correct answers heavy
Carbon 13 in C3 plants (broad-leaved) correct answers -27permil
Carbon 13 in C4 plants (grass) correct answers -14permil
, Radioactivity correct answers A property exhibited by elements with unstable nuclear
configurations, by which they spontaneously give off energy and matter to achieve a
more stable state.
Two types of radioactive decay correct answers alpha decay, and beta decay
alpha decay correct answers radioactive nuclide emits an alpha particle (He atom) and
thus looses 2 protons and 2 neutrons
beta decay correct answers at which the radioactive nuclide emits an electrons, thereby
converting on of its neutron into a proton
concordia diagram correct answers when high parent/daughter ratio equation is applied
to both decay systems, with the age defined by where the points for both systems agree
when plotted against each other
Sr isotopes as a tracer correct answers Rubidium and strontium are large ion lithophile
elements
both are generally incompatible due to their large ionic size
the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the crust should ______ more rapidly correct answers increase
Advection correct answers the transport of chemical elements at the speed of the
medium
diffusion correct answers is the movement of an element relative to the medium
Advection correct answers bulk transport by a medium
Diffusion probability P is related to correct answers vibration frequency
activation energy threshold
closure temperature correct answers the temperature at which a mineral changes
between being a open system and a closed system
open system correct answers where radiogenic daughters are free to enter the mineral
and to leave again by diffusion
closed system correct answers where the daughter accumulates without possible
removal by diffusion disturbing the mineral
the radiogenic daughter will only begin to accumulate after the mineral has... correct
answers cooled to below the closure temp (tc)
When atoms and ions come close to each other correct answers thier individual
electronic orbitals merge into collective orbitals
In isotopic fractionation due to kinetic reactions correct answers the products are
isotopically lighter than the reactants
Stable Isotope applictions correct answers Thermometry, Tracers and Proxies, Reaction
mechanisms
Four reservoirs of the hydrological cycle correct answers the ocean, ice caps, fresh
water, atmosphere
Lightest water molecule correct answers H2^(16)^O
Heaviest water molecule correct answers D2^(18)^O
Evaporation correct answers 1.Equilibrium isotope fractionation
2.Kinetic isotope fractionation
Equilibrium isotope fractionation correct answers the mass difference between the
lightest/heaviest water molecules result in a higher vapor pressure (higher boiling point)
of the heavier water molecules
--> water vapour is isotopically light
Kinetic isotope fractionation correct answers the mass difference also results in the
lighter water molecules moving and evaporating slightly faster than the heavier water
molecules
--> water vapour is isotopically even lighter than expected
Condensation correct answers equilibrium fractionation process only
isotopic fractionation during condensation processes is dependent on temperature
Rayleigh distillation equation correct answers quantifies isotope fractionation during
evaporation/condensation processes
At higher latitude evaporation of water produces more ____ isotopic fractionation
correct answers extreme
Time periods with higher ice accumulation leaves the ocean isotopically ________
correct answers heavy
Carbon 13 in C3 plants (broad-leaved) correct answers -27permil
Carbon 13 in C4 plants (grass) correct answers -14permil
, Radioactivity correct answers A property exhibited by elements with unstable nuclear
configurations, by which they spontaneously give off energy and matter to achieve a
more stable state.
Two types of radioactive decay correct answers alpha decay, and beta decay
alpha decay correct answers radioactive nuclide emits an alpha particle (He atom) and
thus looses 2 protons and 2 neutrons
beta decay correct answers at which the radioactive nuclide emits an electrons, thereby
converting on of its neutron into a proton
concordia diagram correct answers when high parent/daughter ratio equation is applied
to both decay systems, with the age defined by where the points for both systems agree
when plotted against each other
Sr isotopes as a tracer correct answers Rubidium and strontium are large ion lithophile
elements
both are generally incompatible due to their large ionic size
the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the crust should ______ more rapidly correct answers increase
Advection correct answers the transport of chemical elements at the speed of the
medium
diffusion correct answers is the movement of an element relative to the medium
Advection correct answers bulk transport by a medium
Diffusion probability P is related to correct answers vibration frequency
activation energy threshold
closure temperature correct answers the temperature at which a mineral changes
between being a open system and a closed system
open system correct answers where radiogenic daughters are free to enter the mineral
and to leave again by diffusion
closed system correct answers where the daughter accumulates without possible
removal by diffusion disturbing the mineral
the radiogenic daughter will only begin to accumulate after the mineral has... correct
answers cooled to below the closure temp (tc)
When atoms and ions come close to each other correct answers thier individual
electronic orbitals merge into collective orbitals
