DBIA Test Questions and Answers 2023 with complete
solution
Project Delivery System
How team members are organized, establishes when parties engage, determines roles
of parties, and determines sequence of design, procurement, and construction (db,
cmar, dbb)
Procurement Method
how team members are selected (QBS, best value, low price, sole source)
contracting approach
how team members are paid (fp, gmp, cost reimbursement, target price, unit price)
Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
linear, sequential process, A/E selected on qualifications, GC selected on low price,
design is fully completed without input from GC, A/E acting in owner's interests, with a
historically strong bond, process is well-established and understood
construction manager at risk
similar org structure to DBB, construction manager selected by QBS or best value,
contractor provides precon services, negotiated gmp contracting approach, open book
estimating process, potential to fast track project, construction cost determined before
design completed, potential issues over what is reasonably inferable from gmp design
documents
Design-Build
The owner contracts with one entity (a person or firm) to provide both design and
construction services, designer and contractor have a direct contractual relationship,
selected by QBS or best value, wide spectrum of contracting approaches and
organizational structures, single point responsibility, owner does not manage designer,
owner exposure to claims is significantly reduced
engineer procure construct (epc)
similar to design build, in industrial and power generation sectors, systems and
performance testing are central to scope, contractor will typically perform engineering
with its in-house staff, owner has need for single point responsibility, contracts include
plant and process performance guarantees, contract items include performance and
schedule liquidated damages and limitations of liability
Multiple Prime Contracting
owner contracts with multiple trade contractors, attributes are typically similar to dbb,
owner's ability to schedule and coordinate the work
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
multi-party agreement - all parties equal, QBS procurement and target pricing contract
approach, private sector use (limited at this time), key: owner's ability to accept risk
public-private partnership (p3)
Instead of government building and maintaining major infrastructure (such as highway,
water treatment plant), build and maintenance is outsourced to a private company.
Opposed by public sector unions. this is not considered a delivery system but its
underlying approaches are delivery systems and typically use DB. multiple procurement
and contracting approaches
, shift left
intense efforts to establish scope early in the process; drives early team formation to
include key trade subcontractors; can enable big decisions to be made early, affect
project outcomes at lowest cost, establish a need for co-location and collaboration, and
compress time during concurrent design and construction
traditional design build
typically two-phase best value procurement with lump sum contract; owner defines
project requirements and scope of prescriptive work; use of performance-based
technical requirements with limited prescriptive specifications
progressive design build
design and price are progressively developed after the design-builder is under contract;
final project cost and schedule commitment is not established as part of the selection
process; two phases: preliminary services and final design and construction services
criteria documents
describe the end result
bridging documents
prescribes how to achieve the end result
design bid build paradigm
prior to bidding, owner undertakes a process to design the project and all of its details to
100% complete plans and specs. the owner is therefore responsible for success or
failure of details of the design, and warrants the sufficiency of design to the contractor.
the owner is therefore liable to the contractor for any gaps between plans and
specifications and owner's requirements for project performance
design details responsibility
the owner should define its performance requirements and award the contract on the
basis of preliminary design; this makes the design-builder responsible for completing
the design in accordance with the owner's performance requirements. that also causes
the design-builder to warrant the sufficiency of the design to meet the owner's criteria
and the sufficiency of the design to subcontractors/suppliers that have no design
responsibility
uniformat
subdivides project by functional elements, focuses on systems and assemblies, useful
for preliminary information and early design phases, aligns with BIM models and
conceptual estimating
masterformat
subdivides work by results/trades, focuses on building materials, products, and
activities, useful for detailed information during final design and construction phases,
and aligns with detailed estimating
functional requirement
a specific business need or behavior as seen by an external user of the system;
describe what functions/operations the end product must perform/accommodate;
examples: regulatory, permitting, economic, and others that define functions and
operational capability. "Build an office building on my existing lot to provide office space
for 1,000 workers"
performance requirement
solution
Project Delivery System
How team members are organized, establishes when parties engage, determines roles
of parties, and determines sequence of design, procurement, and construction (db,
cmar, dbb)
Procurement Method
how team members are selected (QBS, best value, low price, sole source)
contracting approach
how team members are paid (fp, gmp, cost reimbursement, target price, unit price)
Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
linear, sequential process, A/E selected on qualifications, GC selected on low price,
design is fully completed without input from GC, A/E acting in owner's interests, with a
historically strong bond, process is well-established and understood
construction manager at risk
similar org structure to DBB, construction manager selected by QBS or best value,
contractor provides precon services, negotiated gmp contracting approach, open book
estimating process, potential to fast track project, construction cost determined before
design completed, potential issues over what is reasonably inferable from gmp design
documents
Design-Build
The owner contracts with one entity (a person or firm) to provide both design and
construction services, designer and contractor have a direct contractual relationship,
selected by QBS or best value, wide spectrum of contracting approaches and
organizational structures, single point responsibility, owner does not manage designer,
owner exposure to claims is significantly reduced
engineer procure construct (epc)
similar to design build, in industrial and power generation sectors, systems and
performance testing are central to scope, contractor will typically perform engineering
with its in-house staff, owner has need for single point responsibility, contracts include
plant and process performance guarantees, contract items include performance and
schedule liquidated damages and limitations of liability
Multiple Prime Contracting
owner contracts with multiple trade contractors, attributes are typically similar to dbb,
owner's ability to schedule and coordinate the work
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
multi-party agreement - all parties equal, QBS procurement and target pricing contract
approach, private sector use (limited at this time), key: owner's ability to accept risk
public-private partnership (p3)
Instead of government building and maintaining major infrastructure (such as highway,
water treatment plant), build and maintenance is outsourced to a private company.
Opposed by public sector unions. this is not considered a delivery system but its
underlying approaches are delivery systems and typically use DB. multiple procurement
and contracting approaches
, shift left
intense efforts to establish scope early in the process; drives early team formation to
include key trade subcontractors; can enable big decisions to be made early, affect
project outcomes at lowest cost, establish a need for co-location and collaboration, and
compress time during concurrent design and construction
traditional design build
typically two-phase best value procurement with lump sum contract; owner defines
project requirements and scope of prescriptive work; use of performance-based
technical requirements with limited prescriptive specifications
progressive design build
design and price are progressively developed after the design-builder is under contract;
final project cost and schedule commitment is not established as part of the selection
process; two phases: preliminary services and final design and construction services
criteria documents
describe the end result
bridging documents
prescribes how to achieve the end result
design bid build paradigm
prior to bidding, owner undertakes a process to design the project and all of its details to
100% complete plans and specs. the owner is therefore responsible for success or
failure of details of the design, and warrants the sufficiency of design to the contractor.
the owner is therefore liable to the contractor for any gaps between plans and
specifications and owner's requirements for project performance
design details responsibility
the owner should define its performance requirements and award the contract on the
basis of preliminary design; this makes the design-builder responsible for completing
the design in accordance with the owner's performance requirements. that also causes
the design-builder to warrant the sufficiency of the design to meet the owner's criteria
and the sufficiency of the design to subcontractors/suppliers that have no design
responsibility
uniformat
subdivides project by functional elements, focuses on systems and assemblies, useful
for preliminary information and early design phases, aligns with BIM models and
conceptual estimating
masterformat
subdivides work by results/trades, focuses on building materials, products, and
activities, useful for detailed information during final design and construction phases,
and aligns with detailed estimating
functional requirement
a specific business need or behavior as seen by an external user of the system;
describe what functions/operations the end product must perform/accommodate;
examples: regulatory, permitting, economic, and others that define functions and
operational capability. "Build an office building on my existing lot to provide office space
for 1,000 workers"
performance requirement
