complete solution
1) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), how could at least half a
million deaths due to surgical error be prevented every year?
a) By developing better surgical technology
b) By implementing systemic changes in operating rooms
c) By inflicting stronger punishments for those who commit medical errors
d) By weeding out reckless surgeons
b) By implementing systemic changes in operating rooms
2) According to Paul Levy, which of the following were factors that led to the
wrong-site surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in June 2008?
a) The surgical team did not properly follow a "time out" procedure.
b) There were systemic problems in the hospital.
c) The surgical team marked the wrong site on the patient.
d) A and B
d) A and B
3) What did Paul Levy do after handling the immediate fallout from the wrong-site
surgery?
a) He proposed creating an instructional video about the experience that would
be viewed at meetings and conferences.
b) He explained the event and the hospital's response to the public in a blog post.
c) He asked the general public for their thoughts and suggestions.
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
4) Which of the following opinions did Dr. Robert Wachter express in his
response to Paul Levy's blog about the wrong-site surgery of June 2008?
a) Coming out with the error in public was unwise.
b) The case was clear-cut and should not have been the subject of debate.
c) It was a mistake not to punish staff for cutting corners and neglecting rules.
d) Circumstances could exist where the providers were to blame for the error.
d) Circumstances could exist where the providers were to blame for the error.
5) Ben, a 36-year-old patient with Type I diabetes mellitus and kidney failure,
comes to the hospital to have a special arteriovenous fistula placed in his arm to
allow him to begin dialysis in a few weeks. The fistula was supposed to be placed
on the left arm, but the surgical team accidentally operates on the opposite arm,
not realizing until the procedure is finished. When Ben wakes up from anesthesia,
he sees a bandage on his right arm and is confused. What should happen right
away?
a) The mistake should be communicated to Ben and the hospital's administrators.