NERC Test 2022/2023 Questions and Answers with
complete solution
What percentage of load gives a 1 Hz change in an island condition?
6-10% (Think 6-10 day island vacation)
If ACE is Zero but system Hz is off, what should a system operator do?
Nothing! ACE bias and interchange schedule will improve frequency
If ACE is Zero, why not adjust generation to help frequency?
Could overload equipment, this is a NERC violation
When restoring from blackout condition, what should be done with load?
All load breakers should be opened, load should be restored in a controlled manner not
to exceed 5% of current available gen
What's the point of COM-001?
Each TO, BA, RC and NERCNet Use Orgs need to have good comms
Where do they need to have comms?
Internal, Between RC, TO and BA, Other RC, TO, BA and authorities
Where applicable comms should be ______ and _______ routed.
Redundant and Diversely routed, just in case something fails
How do we know comms will be good?
They will manage, alarm, test and/or actively monitor, especially emergency comm
facilities and equipment (non-routine equipment)
When can languages other than English be used?
Only for internal operation, Operation of the BES requires comms in English
What is required so operation during a loss of comms will be ensured?
Written operating instructions and procedures
What is the point of COM-002?
Ensure BA, TO, GO, and RC have comms and capability to use them for addressing
emergency and that operators are trained to use them
Who should a BA or TO notify if they are aware of any condition that could
threaten area reliability or when shedding load?
Notify their RC and any other potentially affected BA or TO
How should directives be issued by an RC, TO or BA?
In a clear, concise and definitive manner, using 3 part(way) communications
Who is required to create a blackstart restoration plan? Who approves it?
Transmission Operators; Its RC
When is the blackstart condition finished?
When the choice of the next load to be restored is not driven by frequency and voltage
control
Who directs the procedure for restoring interconnection between Tos?
RC
What must be done prior to implementing changes in a restoration plan?
The parties invloved must be told of changes to their role and specific tasks prior to
implementation.
How often must the plan be confirmed given no changes were made?
TO annually review the plan and report to RC
, After a system modification is made, how long does the TO have to update
restoration plans?
90 days
Where is a copy of the restoration plan required to be kept?
Main and backup control rooms
What must be done on the restoration plan every five years?
Analyze the plan through actual events, steady state and dynamic simulations or testing
that the plan can work as intended.
How often must a Blackstart Resource verify it can meet real and reactive power
requirements of its cranking path and intial load?
Every 5 years
How often must the location of loads required to control voltage and Hz in a
blackstart be verified within operating limits?
Every 5 years
How often is the capability of generating resources required to control voltage
and Hz in a blackstart condition verified?
Every 5 years
What should a TO use if the restoration plan cannot be executed?
Use its restoration strategies
Under what conditions can a TO resynchronize with its neighboring TO?
Only with RC approval or with the established procedures of the RC
What is the point of Blackstart Resource testing?
To ensure the resource is capable of me4eting the requirements of the restoration plan
How often must a Blackstart Resource be verified at a minimum?
Once every 3 years
Name two requirements when testing a Blackstart Resource:
Ability to start with no BES support and remain energized without the rest of the system;
The ability to energize a bus
What is the frequency that system restoration training for operators is required?
Annually
What is the purpose of annual operator system restoration training?
To assure proper execution of its restoration plan
Name 4 things required in annual operator system restoration training:
System restoration plan including coordination with RC and GO; Restoration Priorities;
Building of cranking paths; Synchronizng
How often and how much training is required for field switching personnel who
are included in the system restoration plan?
Minimum 2 hrs every 2 years
When must a TO or GO participate in RC restoration drills, exercises or
simulations?
As requested by the RC
What is a Blackstart Resource Agreement?
This is an agreement between a TO and GO that includes the terms and conditions of
the use of the Blackstart Unit; e.g. procedures, protocols, testing requirements
What is required by each GO for their Blackstart Resources?
Documented procuedures for starting each resource and energizing a bus
complete solution
What percentage of load gives a 1 Hz change in an island condition?
6-10% (Think 6-10 day island vacation)
If ACE is Zero but system Hz is off, what should a system operator do?
Nothing! ACE bias and interchange schedule will improve frequency
If ACE is Zero, why not adjust generation to help frequency?
Could overload equipment, this is a NERC violation
When restoring from blackout condition, what should be done with load?
All load breakers should be opened, load should be restored in a controlled manner not
to exceed 5% of current available gen
What's the point of COM-001?
Each TO, BA, RC and NERCNet Use Orgs need to have good comms
Where do they need to have comms?
Internal, Between RC, TO and BA, Other RC, TO, BA and authorities
Where applicable comms should be ______ and _______ routed.
Redundant and Diversely routed, just in case something fails
How do we know comms will be good?
They will manage, alarm, test and/or actively monitor, especially emergency comm
facilities and equipment (non-routine equipment)
When can languages other than English be used?
Only for internal operation, Operation of the BES requires comms in English
What is required so operation during a loss of comms will be ensured?
Written operating instructions and procedures
What is the point of COM-002?
Ensure BA, TO, GO, and RC have comms and capability to use them for addressing
emergency and that operators are trained to use them
Who should a BA or TO notify if they are aware of any condition that could
threaten area reliability or when shedding load?
Notify their RC and any other potentially affected BA or TO
How should directives be issued by an RC, TO or BA?
In a clear, concise and definitive manner, using 3 part(way) communications
Who is required to create a blackstart restoration plan? Who approves it?
Transmission Operators; Its RC
When is the blackstart condition finished?
When the choice of the next load to be restored is not driven by frequency and voltage
control
Who directs the procedure for restoring interconnection between Tos?
RC
What must be done prior to implementing changes in a restoration plan?
The parties invloved must be told of changes to their role and specific tasks prior to
implementation.
How often must the plan be confirmed given no changes were made?
TO annually review the plan and report to RC
, After a system modification is made, how long does the TO have to update
restoration plans?
90 days
Where is a copy of the restoration plan required to be kept?
Main and backup control rooms
What must be done on the restoration plan every five years?
Analyze the plan through actual events, steady state and dynamic simulations or testing
that the plan can work as intended.
How often must a Blackstart Resource verify it can meet real and reactive power
requirements of its cranking path and intial load?
Every 5 years
How often must the location of loads required to control voltage and Hz in a
blackstart be verified within operating limits?
Every 5 years
How often is the capability of generating resources required to control voltage
and Hz in a blackstart condition verified?
Every 5 years
What should a TO use if the restoration plan cannot be executed?
Use its restoration strategies
Under what conditions can a TO resynchronize with its neighboring TO?
Only with RC approval or with the established procedures of the RC
What is the point of Blackstart Resource testing?
To ensure the resource is capable of me4eting the requirements of the restoration plan
How often must a Blackstart Resource be verified at a minimum?
Once every 3 years
Name two requirements when testing a Blackstart Resource:
Ability to start with no BES support and remain energized without the rest of the system;
The ability to energize a bus
What is the frequency that system restoration training for operators is required?
Annually
What is the purpose of annual operator system restoration training?
To assure proper execution of its restoration plan
Name 4 things required in annual operator system restoration training:
System restoration plan including coordination with RC and GO; Restoration Priorities;
Building of cranking paths; Synchronizng
How often and how much training is required for field switching personnel who
are included in the system restoration plan?
Minimum 2 hrs every 2 years
When must a TO or GO participate in RC restoration drills, exercises or
simulations?
As requested by the RC
What is a Blackstart Resource Agreement?
This is an agreement between a TO and GO that includes the terms and conditions of
the use of the Blackstart Unit; e.g. procedures, protocols, testing requirements
What is required by each GO for their Blackstart Resources?
Documented procuedures for starting each resource and energizing a bus
