Nats 1670 Final Exam
What was the life expectancy in the early 1900's?
Under the age of 50, with a 25% child mortality rate.
When was the first vaccine created?
1880
____________ _____________ can reduce life expectancy dramatically, due to the
lack of __________________.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES can reduce life expectancy dramatically, due to the lack of
CONTROL.
Upon early discover, microbes were viewed as?
Enemies, until used in medicine.
What are the beneficial roles of microbes?
- waste breakdown/food production
- provides protection against more virulent microbe
- drug preparation (penicillin, insulin)
- making vitamins
- digestion
What does mutual life mean, when in context with microbes?
Microbes keep us alive and we keep them alive.
What is a chronic disease?
a disease that does NOT kill its host quickly
What is an acute disease?
A disease that DOES cause death quickly.
What does the natural evolution of a microbe operate on?
The natural evolution of a microbe operates on its spreading capacity. NOT the ability to
cause disease
What does microbial natural selection favour?
Microbial natural selection favours less or non-violent microbes.
Which kind of microbes can live in a host WITHOUT causing damage?
Microbes that are well-adapted to its host
What epidemics were caused by microbes?
- Small Pox
- Bubonic Plague
- Spanish Influenza
What were the three causes that moved society away from Infectious Diseases?
- Better Sanitation
- Vaccines
- Antibiotics
Why will society never be clear of infectious diseases?
- development of drug resistant strains
- outbreaks of existing diseases
- New disease causing agents
What does Dr. Margret Chan believe will happen in the future?
, -We risk entering a post-antibiotic era
- this will cause an end to modern medicine
What is Necrotizing Fasciitis
Flesh eating Disease
Who is to blame for the development of Drug-resistant strains?
- Farmers
- Health Workers
- Patients
- Hospitals
What is the man/wild life origin of these dieseases
1) AIDS
2) Saars
3) West Nile Virus (WNV)
4) Influenza
5) Monkey Pox
Man Made Wild Life
1) Sexual Activity, Drug addiction, Chimpanzee (SIV)
Blood
2) Restaurants, Hotels, Hospitals Bats, Palm civet
3) Tires from Africa Wild Birds
4) Poultry Farms Wild Aquatic Birds
5) Pet Retailers and Stores Wild Rodents in Africa
What is Bioterrorism?
The intentional release of bacteria or toxins for the purpose of harming or killing
Why was the eradication of small pox so successful?
- very good vaccine
- only has one host: humans
3) Very clear symptoms
What are the factors affecting the emergence of disease?
- Microbial Adaptation
-Drug Resistance
-Human Behaviour
- International Travel
- Sexual Activity
- Human Susceptibility to infection
- Poverty, Malnutrition, Poor Sanitation
- Changing Ecosystems
- Global Warming
- Climate and Weather
- Wars
- Bioterrorism
What is Light Microscopy
What was the life expectancy in the early 1900's?
Under the age of 50, with a 25% child mortality rate.
When was the first vaccine created?
1880
____________ _____________ can reduce life expectancy dramatically, due to the
lack of __________________.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES can reduce life expectancy dramatically, due to the lack of
CONTROL.
Upon early discover, microbes were viewed as?
Enemies, until used in medicine.
What are the beneficial roles of microbes?
- waste breakdown/food production
- provides protection against more virulent microbe
- drug preparation (penicillin, insulin)
- making vitamins
- digestion
What does mutual life mean, when in context with microbes?
Microbes keep us alive and we keep them alive.
What is a chronic disease?
a disease that does NOT kill its host quickly
What is an acute disease?
A disease that DOES cause death quickly.
What does the natural evolution of a microbe operate on?
The natural evolution of a microbe operates on its spreading capacity. NOT the ability to
cause disease
What does microbial natural selection favour?
Microbial natural selection favours less or non-violent microbes.
Which kind of microbes can live in a host WITHOUT causing damage?
Microbes that are well-adapted to its host
What epidemics were caused by microbes?
- Small Pox
- Bubonic Plague
- Spanish Influenza
What were the three causes that moved society away from Infectious Diseases?
- Better Sanitation
- Vaccines
- Antibiotics
Why will society never be clear of infectious diseases?
- development of drug resistant strains
- outbreaks of existing diseases
- New disease causing agents
What does Dr. Margret Chan believe will happen in the future?
, -We risk entering a post-antibiotic era
- this will cause an end to modern medicine
What is Necrotizing Fasciitis
Flesh eating Disease
Who is to blame for the development of Drug-resistant strains?
- Farmers
- Health Workers
- Patients
- Hospitals
What is the man/wild life origin of these dieseases
1) AIDS
2) Saars
3) West Nile Virus (WNV)
4) Influenza
5) Monkey Pox
Man Made Wild Life
1) Sexual Activity, Drug addiction, Chimpanzee (SIV)
Blood
2) Restaurants, Hotels, Hospitals Bats, Palm civet
3) Tires from Africa Wild Birds
4) Poultry Farms Wild Aquatic Birds
5) Pet Retailers and Stores Wild Rodents in Africa
What is Bioterrorism?
The intentional release of bacteria or toxins for the purpose of harming or killing
Why was the eradication of small pox so successful?
- very good vaccine
- only has one host: humans
3) Very clear symptoms
What are the factors affecting the emergence of disease?
- Microbial Adaptation
-Drug Resistance
-Human Behaviour
- International Travel
- Sexual Activity
- Human Susceptibility to infection
- Poverty, Malnutrition, Poor Sanitation
- Changing Ecosystems
- Global Warming
- Climate and Weather
- Wars
- Bioterrorism
What is Light Microscopy
