-
Monday, 31 October 2022 10:31
• Noun • (noun)
• A department of systematized knowledge as an object of study • The action by a celestial body of going around in an orbit or elliptical course;
• Knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws • Sencond:
especially as obtained and tested through scientific method ○ Sudden, radical, or complete change
○ A fundamental change in political organization
○ Activity or movement designed to effect fundamental changes in socioeconomic situations
○ A fundamental change in the way of thinking about or visualizing something: a change of paradigm
• In his work, Kuhn arguest that science evolves not in logically linear trajectory, but through
dramatic shifts in how scientist see the world
• He coins the term paradigm and paradigm shift Kuhn Paradigm Shift
• Ex: newtonian physics to Quantum physics
The priority of Paradigm
• Easy to determine Paradigm of a mature science
• Shared paradigms doesn’t imply shared rules
• Historian must compare paradigms
• Identify isolable elements
• Identify accepted rules and principles
• Search for rules: A source of deep frustation
• What abstract characteristics make solutions to problem permanent?
• Scientists disagree to the interpretaions of paradigm • Scientist see nature in different way
• Existence of paradigm isnt existence of rules • New facts/anomalies doesn’t always lead to paradigm change
• Scientist must know certain rules • Not all theories are paradigm theories
• No set of characteristics is applicable to all • Novelty emerges only with difficulty
• Novelties are manifested by resistence
Anomaly and the Emergence of Scientific Discoveries
• Paradigm change is brought by anomaly
• Normal science doesn’t aim at novelties
• New and unsuspected phenomenon uncovered
• Fundamental novelties bring paradigm change
• How changes in paradigm shift came about?
○ Awareness of anomalies
○ Observational and conceptual recognition
○ The consequent change of paradigm and resistance
week 11 Halaman 1
Monday, 31 October 2022 10:31
• Noun • (noun)
• A department of systematized knowledge as an object of study • The action by a celestial body of going around in an orbit or elliptical course;
• Knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws • Sencond:
especially as obtained and tested through scientific method ○ Sudden, radical, or complete change
○ A fundamental change in political organization
○ Activity or movement designed to effect fundamental changes in socioeconomic situations
○ A fundamental change in the way of thinking about or visualizing something: a change of paradigm
• In his work, Kuhn arguest that science evolves not in logically linear trajectory, but through
dramatic shifts in how scientist see the world
• He coins the term paradigm and paradigm shift Kuhn Paradigm Shift
• Ex: newtonian physics to Quantum physics
The priority of Paradigm
• Easy to determine Paradigm of a mature science
• Shared paradigms doesn’t imply shared rules
• Historian must compare paradigms
• Identify isolable elements
• Identify accepted rules and principles
• Search for rules: A source of deep frustation
• What abstract characteristics make solutions to problem permanent?
• Scientists disagree to the interpretaions of paradigm • Scientist see nature in different way
• Existence of paradigm isnt existence of rules • New facts/anomalies doesn’t always lead to paradigm change
• Scientist must know certain rules • Not all theories are paradigm theories
• No set of characteristics is applicable to all • Novelty emerges only with difficulty
• Novelties are manifested by resistence
Anomaly and the Emergence of Scientific Discoveries
• Paradigm change is brought by anomaly
• Normal science doesn’t aim at novelties
• New and unsuspected phenomenon uncovered
• Fundamental novelties bring paradigm change
• How changes in paradigm shift came about?
○ Awareness of anomalies
○ Observational and conceptual recognition
○ The consequent change of paradigm and resistance
week 11 Halaman 1
