Nurs 6531 Deck 1 Final Exam Review 2023 Graded A+
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)?
Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine
(from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from
cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level?
Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is:
diluted with low osmolality and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with
decreased urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine,
and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months?
Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the
catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications
should be offered prior to discharge?
Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)?
hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome?
Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous
(from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome?
hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary
adrenocortical insufficiency?
Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign?
A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates
hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign?
A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve below the maxilla that
indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign?
An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the sole of the foot is stimulated
with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign?
Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually indicating a loss of
proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign?
pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome?
Urinalysis: Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
, BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome?
Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome?
Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide
therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease
Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus?
Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability?
Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include?
"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities?
peaked T-waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of
an MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis?
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates:
Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?
smoking, previous tubal surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to
diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID, advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2
years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior
pituitary insufficiency?
Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
What is diabetes insipidus?
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss
CKD Stage 1
GFR >90 with evidence of renal damage, as indicated by proteinuria.
CKD Stage 2
GFR 60-89
CKD Stage 3a
GFR 45-59
CKD Stage 3b
GFR 30-44
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)?
Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), hyponatremia, concentrated urine
(from excess water resorption), elevated urine osmolality, mental status changes from
cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level?
Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is:
diluted with low osmolality and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with
decreased urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine,
and Cr increase from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months?
Flush the foley catheter to see if urine comes out and assess the patency of the
catheter. This action will unblock clogged sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications
should be offered prior to discharge?
Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)?
hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome?
Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous
(from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome?
hypertension, truncal obesity, osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary
adrenocortical insufficiency?
Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign?
A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates
hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign?
A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the facial nerve below the maxilla that
indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign?
An upward response (extension) of the hallux when the sole of the foot is stimulated
with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord disease in adults.
What is Romberg's sign?
Loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed. Usually indicating a loss of
proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign?
pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome?
Urinalysis: Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
, BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome?
Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome?
Hospitalization, pulse dose of steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide
therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease
Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus?
Proteus mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome?
Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability?
Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include?
"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have?
Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities?
peaked T-waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of
an MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis?
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates:
Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?
smoking, previous tubal surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to
diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID, advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2
years.
What hormones are most critical to replace in a patient at risk for anterior
pituitary insufficiency?
Glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormone
What is diabetes insipidus?
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes excessive water loss
CKD Stage 1
GFR >90 with evidence of renal damage, as indicated by proteinuria.
CKD Stage 2
GFR 60-89
CKD Stage 3a
GFR 45-59
CKD Stage 3b
GFR 30-44
