NAPSR/CNPR Certification Exam Study Guide 2023

Margin of safety - the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or life threatening side effects Rights of drug administration - right patient, right medication, right does, right route of administration, and right time of delivery Injection routes - intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous intramuscular - drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue intrathecal - needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into space around the spinal cord intravenous - injected directly into the veins subcutaneous - needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin Bioavailablility - how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of action Bioequivalent - when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also produce virtually the same blood levels over time Therapeutic equivalence - production of the same medicinal effects Areas of drug elimination and excretion - Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine feces, bile, saliva, and exhaled air medication error - failure to administer drug in the correct form Powders - a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles pills - a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid such as syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape granules - a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others encased within a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time tablet - pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and bulk filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents Capsules - medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external shell; can be pulled apart for access to contents