Anatomy - Stott Pilates Exam Preparation Latest
Update/100% correct answers
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot?
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot?
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles?
Primarily responsible for eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the
foot, while the peroneus tertius dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee?
The hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments.
Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________
segments.
Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments
Left and right segments
Medial is a directional term for:
Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for:
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body.
closer
Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body.
away
Superior is a directional term for:
above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for:
Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to
front of the body
Posterior refers to
back of the body
Superficial refers to
towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to
inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other.
, anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other.
anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction?
Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point?
The axis of the spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine)
Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension.
Arm reaches up overhead (vertical flexion)
Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension)
Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction.
Arm moves away from the midline (abduction)
Arm moves towards the midline (adduction)
* can also done horizontally as in when client is supine.
Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder.
Internal rotation - palm moves toward the body.
External rotation - palm moves away from the body.
Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula.
protraction - scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine)
retraction - scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine)
List the 6 actions of the scapula
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
Trapezius, rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
Upper Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
What muscles are responsible for scapular depression?
latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius
muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation?
Trapezius and serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation?
Update/100% correct answers
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot?
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot?
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles?
Primarily responsible for eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the
foot, while the peroneus tertius dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee?
The hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments.
Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________
segments.
Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments
Left and right segments
Medial is a directional term for:
Closest to the midline of the body.
Lateral is a directional term for:
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body.
closer
Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body.
away
Superior is a directional term for:
above or towards the head
Inferior is a directional term for:
Below or away from the head
Anterior refers to
front of the body
Posterior refers to
back of the body
Superficial refers to
towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer
Deep refers to
inside the body (internal)
Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other.
, anterior surfaces of the body towards each other.
Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each
other.
anterior surfaces of the body away from each other.
Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction?
Side to side
Rotational movements happen around which central point?
The axis of the spine.
List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine)
Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension.
Arm reaches up overhead (vertical flexion)
Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension)
Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction.
Arm moves away from the midline (abduction)
Arm moves towards the midline (adduction)
* can also done horizontally as in when client is supine.
Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder.
Internal rotation - palm moves toward the body.
External rotation - palm moves away from the body.
Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula.
protraction - scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine)
retraction - scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine)
List the 6 actions of the scapula
Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
Trapezius, rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
Upper Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
What muscles are responsible for scapular depression?
latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius
muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation?
Trapezius and serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation?
