RSTD 212 Religions of the West- Spring
2023- FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Christos
"anointed one" (Messiah): figure in the line of David empowered with YHWH's Spirit
Kingdom of God
basilaea: YHWH's order for the world fully realized on earth by rule of humans, through
Israel and God's authorized human king (Messiah); central theme of Jesus' teaching
gospel
euangelion ("good news"): message of victory; Jesus' term for his message about the
Kingdom of God
Four Gospels
collections of stories about Jesus; arranged to make the case that he is the Messiah
Pharisees
most influential group in 1st century Judaism; emphasized applying the Torah (Law) to
every facet of life
Sadducees
priestly aristocracy in 1st cent. Judaism; did not believe in literal resurrection
Essenes
separatist group in 1st cent. Judaism; apocalyptic; strict Torah purity
"Zealots"
violent revolutionaries in 1st cent. Judaism; believed overthrowing Rome was key to
inaugurating God's Kingdom
Jesus' healings
cf. Isaiah 35: Jesus reversing effects of sin, restoring humanity to wholeness (shalom)
Jesus' forgiveness of sins
cf. Isaiah 61:2: Jesus restoring Israel by dealing with its sin; claiming authority to forgive
it on YHWH's behalf
Jesus' exorcisms
cf. Isaiah 61:1: continuation of Jesus' confrontation with satan; doing "battle" with
unclean spirits
Jesus' food miracles
signs of the "Messianic banquet": coming of the Messiah associated with abundant food
and drink and table fellowship
parables
mashalim ("comparisons"): allegorical stories meant to illustrate a moral or spiritual
lesson (like fables)
Love "with your whole heart"
how to fulfill Torah with "greater righteousness": outer actions and inner intentions align
teleios
"perfect," "whole," "complete": term Jesus uses to describe how his followers must fulfill
the Torah
Suffering Servant Songs
passages from the prophet Isaiah that describe a "servant of the Lord" who suffers
vicariously to heal/restore the people.
, redemption
to secure a slaves freedom by making a payment; metaphor used to describe the effect
of Jesus' death
kinds of sacrifice used to interpret Jesus' death
sin offering, Passover lamb, sacrifice to seal a covenant
kyrios
"Lord" in Greek; term used for Jesus after his resurrection and ascension (when he's
"enthroned")
Jesus' resurrection
belief that Jesus was restored to transformed, bodily existence; victory over death and
vindication by YHWH
Jesus' ascension
Jesus being "taken up" into heavenly state at YHWH's "right hand"; enthronement
imagery
YHWH's Word (Logos)
God's "inner word" or thought (Wisdom); used in John 1 to identify Jesus before his
human life
The Holy Spirit
YHWH's "breath": depicted in the New Testament as a personal agent, distinct from the
Father and Jesus.
the Trinity
the Christian doctrine that claims Father, Son (Jesus), and Holy Spirit are really distinct
but are one God (YHWH)
nature
ousia: term used by Christians to describe what there is one of in God (one divine
nature)
persons
term used by Christians to describe what there are three of in God (Father, Son, Holy
Spirit are three divine persons)
Council of Nicaea (325 CE)
early Christian gathering that determined (against Arius) that Jesus is divine: "of the
same substance" (homoousios) as God the Father
Council of Constantinople (381 CE)
early Christian gathering that determined the Holy Spirit is divine; first official, fully
Trinitarian Christian beliefs
Council of Chalcedon (451 CE)
early Christian gathering that determined Jesus is not only fully God, but fully human at
the same time
Great Schism
1054 CE: the formal separation of Eastern and Western Christian churches over the
authority of the point, some points of ritual, cultural identity, and the Filioque
Filioque
lit. "and [from] the Son": a line about the Holy Spirit added by Western Christians to the
creed of Nicaea; Orthodox Christians reject this
pope
2023- FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Christos
"anointed one" (Messiah): figure in the line of David empowered with YHWH's Spirit
Kingdom of God
basilaea: YHWH's order for the world fully realized on earth by rule of humans, through
Israel and God's authorized human king (Messiah); central theme of Jesus' teaching
gospel
euangelion ("good news"): message of victory; Jesus' term for his message about the
Kingdom of God
Four Gospels
collections of stories about Jesus; arranged to make the case that he is the Messiah
Pharisees
most influential group in 1st century Judaism; emphasized applying the Torah (Law) to
every facet of life
Sadducees
priestly aristocracy in 1st cent. Judaism; did not believe in literal resurrection
Essenes
separatist group in 1st cent. Judaism; apocalyptic; strict Torah purity
"Zealots"
violent revolutionaries in 1st cent. Judaism; believed overthrowing Rome was key to
inaugurating God's Kingdom
Jesus' healings
cf. Isaiah 35: Jesus reversing effects of sin, restoring humanity to wholeness (shalom)
Jesus' forgiveness of sins
cf. Isaiah 61:2: Jesus restoring Israel by dealing with its sin; claiming authority to forgive
it on YHWH's behalf
Jesus' exorcisms
cf. Isaiah 61:1: continuation of Jesus' confrontation with satan; doing "battle" with
unclean spirits
Jesus' food miracles
signs of the "Messianic banquet": coming of the Messiah associated with abundant food
and drink and table fellowship
parables
mashalim ("comparisons"): allegorical stories meant to illustrate a moral or spiritual
lesson (like fables)
Love "with your whole heart"
how to fulfill Torah with "greater righteousness": outer actions and inner intentions align
teleios
"perfect," "whole," "complete": term Jesus uses to describe how his followers must fulfill
the Torah
Suffering Servant Songs
passages from the prophet Isaiah that describe a "servant of the Lord" who suffers
vicariously to heal/restore the people.
, redemption
to secure a slaves freedom by making a payment; metaphor used to describe the effect
of Jesus' death
kinds of sacrifice used to interpret Jesus' death
sin offering, Passover lamb, sacrifice to seal a covenant
kyrios
"Lord" in Greek; term used for Jesus after his resurrection and ascension (when he's
"enthroned")
Jesus' resurrection
belief that Jesus was restored to transformed, bodily existence; victory over death and
vindication by YHWH
Jesus' ascension
Jesus being "taken up" into heavenly state at YHWH's "right hand"; enthronement
imagery
YHWH's Word (Logos)
God's "inner word" or thought (Wisdom); used in John 1 to identify Jesus before his
human life
The Holy Spirit
YHWH's "breath": depicted in the New Testament as a personal agent, distinct from the
Father and Jesus.
the Trinity
the Christian doctrine that claims Father, Son (Jesus), and Holy Spirit are really distinct
but are one God (YHWH)
nature
ousia: term used by Christians to describe what there is one of in God (one divine
nature)
persons
term used by Christians to describe what there are three of in God (Father, Son, Holy
Spirit are three divine persons)
Council of Nicaea (325 CE)
early Christian gathering that determined (against Arius) that Jesus is divine: "of the
same substance" (homoousios) as God the Father
Council of Constantinople (381 CE)
early Christian gathering that determined the Holy Spirit is divine; first official, fully
Trinitarian Christian beliefs
Council of Chalcedon (451 CE)
early Christian gathering that determined Jesus is not only fully God, but fully human at
the same time
Great Schism
1054 CE: the formal separation of Eastern and Western Christian churches over the
authority of the point, some points of ritual, cultural identity, and the Filioque
Filioque
lit. "and [from] the Son": a line about the Holy Spirit added by Western Christians to the
creed of Nicaea; Orthodox Christians reject this
pope
