Grading Summary
These are the automatically
computed results of your exam. Date Taken: 5/6/2017
Grades for essay questions, and Time Spent: 13 min , 11 secs
comments from your instructor, are Points Received: (76%)
in the "Details" section below.
Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct:
Multiple Choice 25 19
Grade Details - All Questions
Question 1.Question : After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet
seronegative for _____ months.
Student
1 to 2
Answer:
6 to 14
18 to 20
24 to 36
Instructor Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4
Explanation: to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet
seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years.
Points Received: 0 of 2
Comments:
Question 2.Question : What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide?
Student Answer:
Starvation
Traumatic injury
Cardiovascular disease
Infectious disease
Instructor Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and
Explanation: immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity
and mortality.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 3.Question : Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which
microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack, engulf, and destroy by
phagocytosis?
, Student
Bacteria
Answer:
Fungi
Viruses
Mycoplasma
Instructor Invasion results in direct confrontation with an individual’s primary defense
Explanation: mechanisms against bacteria, which include the complement system, antibodies, and
phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages. (See Chapters 6, 7, and 8).
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 4.Question : Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively
protected from antiviral drugs.
Student Answer:
the central nervous system
bone marrow
the thymus gland
the lungs
Instructor HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as
Explanation: the
CNS.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 5.Question : Which statement is true about fungal infections?
Student Answer:
They occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes.
They result in release of endotoxins.
They are prevented by vaccines.
Instructor The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of
Explanation: neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of
infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 6.Question : What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
Student Answer:
It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA.
It is needed to produce integrase.
It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus.
It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.
Instructor One particular family of viruses, retroviruses (e.g., HIV) carries an enzyme
, Explanation: reverse transcriptase that creates a double-stranded DNA version of the virus.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 7.Question : What is the mechanism in type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Student Answer:
Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its
degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators.
Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body
fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack
and destroy cellular targets directly.
Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.
Instructor All of these mechanisms begin with antibody binding to tissue-specific antigens
Explanation: or antigens that have attached to particular tissues. First, the cell can be
destroyed by antibody (IgG or IgM) and activation of the complement cascade
through the classical pathway.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 8.Question : In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from
infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of
Student Answer:
complement-mediated cell lysis.
phagocytosis by macrophages.
phagocytosis in the spleen.
neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.
Instructor The components of neutrophil granules, as well as the several toxic oxygen
Explanation: products produced by these cells, damage the tissue.
Points Received: 0 of 2
Comments:
Question 9.Question : What disease involves the deposition of circulating immune complexes
containing an antibody against host DNA, resulting in tissue damage?
Student Answer:
fic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Myasthenia gravis
Instructor Deposition of circulating immune complexes containing antibody against DNA
Explanation: produces tissue damage in individuals with SLE.
Points Received: 2 of 2
These are the automatically
computed results of your exam. Date Taken: 5/6/2017
Grades for essay questions, and Time Spent: 13 min , 11 secs
comments from your instructor, are Points Received: (76%)
in the "Details" section below.
Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct:
Multiple Choice 25 19
Grade Details - All Questions
Question 1.Question : After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet
seronegative for _____ months.
Student
1 to 2
Answer:
6 to 14
18 to 20
24 to 36
Instructor Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4
Explanation: to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet
seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years.
Points Received: 0 of 2
Comments:
Question 2.Question : What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide?
Student Answer:
Starvation
Traumatic injury
Cardiovascular disease
Infectious disease
Instructor Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and
Explanation: immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity
and mortality.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 3.Question : Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which
microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack, engulf, and destroy by
phagocytosis?
, Student
Bacteria
Answer:
Fungi
Viruses
Mycoplasma
Instructor Invasion results in direct confrontation with an individual’s primary defense
Explanation: mechanisms against bacteria, which include the complement system, antibodies, and
phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages. (See Chapters 6, 7, and 8).
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 4.Question : Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively
protected from antiviral drugs.
Student Answer:
the central nervous system
bone marrow
the thymus gland
the lungs
Instructor HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as
Explanation: the
CNS.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 5.Question : Which statement is true about fungal infections?
Student Answer:
They occur only on skin, hair, and nails.
They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes.
They result in release of endotoxins.
They are prevented by vaccines.
Instructor The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of
Explanation: neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of
infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 6.Question : What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
Student Answer:
It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA.
It is needed to produce integrase.
It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus.
It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.
Instructor One particular family of viruses, retroviruses (e.g., HIV) carries an enzyme
, Explanation: reverse transcriptase that creates a double-stranded DNA version of the virus.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 7.Question : What is the mechanism in type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Student Answer:
Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its
degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators.
Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body
fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack
and destroy cellular targets directly.
Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.
Instructor All of these mechanisms begin with antibody binding to tissue-specific antigens
Explanation: or antigens that have attached to particular tissues. First, the cell can be
destroyed by antibody (IgG or IgM) and activation of the complement cascade
through the classical pathway.
Points Received: 2 of 2
Comments:
Question 8.Question : In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from
infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of
Student Answer:
complement-mediated cell lysis.
phagocytosis by macrophages.
phagocytosis in the spleen.
neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.
Instructor The components of neutrophil granules, as well as the several toxic oxygen
Explanation: products produced by these cells, damage the tissue.
Points Received: 0 of 2
Comments:
Question 9.Question : What disease involves the deposition of circulating immune complexes
containing an antibody against host DNA, resulting in tissue damage?
Student Answer:
fic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Myasthenia gravis
Instructor Deposition of circulating immune complexes containing antibody against DNA
Explanation: produces tissue damage in individuals with SLE.
Points Received: 2 of 2
