NR 507 Week 6 Quiz
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
(Secure HIGHSCORE)
, 1 Which of the following attaches skeletal muscle to bone?
Tendon
A tendon is fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone.
2 Clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia include
burning or gnawing pain at tender points and profound fatigue.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain,
fatigue, and tender points. Increased sensitivity to touch (i.e., tender points), the absence of systemic or
localized inflammation, and fatigue and sleep disturbances are common. People describe the pain as
burning or gnawing. Fatigue is profound.
3 What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?
Overproduction of uric acid
When the uric acid reaches a certain concentration in fluids, it crystallizes, forming insoluble precipitates
that are deposited in connective tissues throughout the body. Crystallization in synovial fluid causes
acute, painful inflammation of the joint, which is a condition known as gouty arthritis.
4 Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate
beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone?
Paget disease
Paget disease (osteitis deformans) is a state of increased metabolic activity in bone characterized by
abnormal and excessive bone remodeling, both resorption and formation. Chronic accelerated
remodeling eventually enlarges and softens the affected bones.
5 Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, which cytokines and hormones decrease receptor
activator of RANKL expression?
IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)
IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-11, IL-17, TNF, TGF-ß, prostaglandin E2, and hormones interact to control
osteoclasts. The balance between RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) is regulated by cytokines and
hormones, and alterations of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system can lead to dysregulation and pathologic
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
(Secure HIGHSCORE)
, 1 Which of the following attaches skeletal muscle to bone?
Tendon
A tendon is fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone.
2 Clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia include
burning or gnawing pain at tender points and profound fatigue.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain,
fatigue, and tender points. Increased sensitivity to touch (i.e., tender points), the absence of systemic or
localized inflammation, and fatigue and sleep disturbances are common. People describe the pain as
burning or gnawing. Fatigue is profound.
3 What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?
Overproduction of uric acid
When the uric acid reaches a certain concentration in fluids, it crystallizes, forming insoluble precipitates
that are deposited in connective tissues throughout the body. Crystallization in synovial fluid causes
acute, painful inflammation of the joint, which is a condition known as gouty arthritis.
4 Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate
beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone?
Paget disease
Paget disease (osteitis deformans) is a state of increased metabolic activity in bone characterized by
abnormal and excessive bone remodeling, both resorption and formation. Chronic accelerated
remodeling eventually enlarges and softens the affected bones.
5 Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, which cytokines and hormones decrease receptor
activator of RANKL expression?
IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)
IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-11, IL-17, TNF, TGF-ß, prostaglandin E2, and hormones interact to control
osteoclasts. The balance between RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) is regulated by cytokines and
hormones, and alterations of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system can lead to dysregulation and pathologic
