IB Business Management Human Resource Management
(correct answers)
Motivation correct answers The intrinsic and extrinsic factors that stimulate people to
take actions that lead to achieving a goal
Intrinsic motivation correct answers Comes from the satisfaction derived from working
on and completing a task
Extrinsic motivation correct answers Comes from external rewards associated with
working on a task, for example pay and other benefits
*Content theories* of motivation correct answers Explain the *actual factors that
motivate people*; i.e. *what* motivates workers. Herzberg, for example, looked at
hygiene factors and motivators, whilst McClelland studied the need for achievement,
affiliation and power.
Scientific management (*Taylor*) correct answers Specialisation and division of labour
lead to greater levels of productivity. Taylor introduced a piece-rate payment system to
link pay with productivity levels.
*Taylor*: How to improve worker productivity correct answers 1. Select workers to
perform a task
2. Observe them performing the task and note the key elements of it
3. Record the time taken to do each part of the task
4. Identify the quickest method recorded
5. Train all workers in the quickest method and do not allow them to make any changes
to it
6. Supervise workers to ensure that this 'best way' is being carried out and time them to
check that the set time is not being exceeded
7. Pay workers on the basis of results
*Maslow*'s Hierarchy of Needs correct answers A motivation theory that outlines the
five levels of needs, from the requirement to satisfy basic physiological needs through to
self-actualisation. Maslow argued that until a lower order need is met, people cannot
progress onto the next level of needs.
*Maslow*'s Hierarchy of Needs (*ranked high to low*) correct answers 1. *Self-
actualisation* (top of pyramid)-reaching full potential
2. *Esteem* needs-respect from others
3. *Social* needs-trust, acceptance, friendship, belonging
4. *Safety* needs-protection from threats
5. *Physical* needs (bottom of pyramid)-food, shelter, water, rest
, *Limitations* of *Maslow*'s approach correct answers 1. Not everyone has the same
needs as is assumed by the hierarchy
2. In practice it can be very difficult to identify the degree to which each need has been
met and which level a worker is 'on'
3. Money is necessary to satisfy physical needs, yet it might also play a role in satisfying
other levels of needs such as status and esteem
4. Self-actualisation is never permanently achieved - as some observers of the
hierarchy have suggested. Jobs must continually offer challenges and opportunities for
fulfilment, otherwise regression will occur.
*Herzberg*'s Two Factor Theory. correct answers Looked at the factors that motivate
employees, namely *motivators* and maintenance (*hygiene*) factors
*Hygiene* factors (*Herzberg*) correct answers Parts of a job that do not increase job
satisfaction but help to remove dissatisfaction, such as reasonable wages and working
conditions
*Motivators* (*Herzberg*) correct answers Factors that increase psychological growth of
workers and therefore increase job satisfaction and motivation levels, such as praise,
recognition and responsibility
Job enlargment correct answers giving workers more variety in what they do
Job enrichment correct answers Aims to use the full capabilities of workers by giving
them the opportunity to do more challenging and fulfilling work
Job empowerment correct answers delegation, decision making pow
*Adams* and Equity Theory correct answers A theory that states that people will be
motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly; the idea that employees
try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar
positions
*Pink* and Three Innate Factors correct answers Autonomy-self-sufficient to direct our
own lives
Mastery-Self improvement to learn and create
Purpose-Self-esteem and drive
Hourly wage rate correct answers Payment made to a worker for each hour worked
Piece rate correct answers A payment to a worker fro each uniot produced
Salary correct answers Annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis
Commission correct answers A payment to a sales person for each sale made
(correct answers)
Motivation correct answers The intrinsic and extrinsic factors that stimulate people to
take actions that lead to achieving a goal
Intrinsic motivation correct answers Comes from the satisfaction derived from working
on and completing a task
Extrinsic motivation correct answers Comes from external rewards associated with
working on a task, for example pay and other benefits
*Content theories* of motivation correct answers Explain the *actual factors that
motivate people*; i.e. *what* motivates workers. Herzberg, for example, looked at
hygiene factors and motivators, whilst McClelland studied the need for achievement,
affiliation and power.
Scientific management (*Taylor*) correct answers Specialisation and division of labour
lead to greater levels of productivity. Taylor introduced a piece-rate payment system to
link pay with productivity levels.
*Taylor*: How to improve worker productivity correct answers 1. Select workers to
perform a task
2. Observe them performing the task and note the key elements of it
3. Record the time taken to do each part of the task
4. Identify the quickest method recorded
5. Train all workers in the quickest method and do not allow them to make any changes
to it
6. Supervise workers to ensure that this 'best way' is being carried out and time them to
check that the set time is not being exceeded
7. Pay workers on the basis of results
*Maslow*'s Hierarchy of Needs correct answers A motivation theory that outlines the
five levels of needs, from the requirement to satisfy basic physiological needs through to
self-actualisation. Maslow argued that until a lower order need is met, people cannot
progress onto the next level of needs.
*Maslow*'s Hierarchy of Needs (*ranked high to low*) correct answers 1. *Self-
actualisation* (top of pyramid)-reaching full potential
2. *Esteem* needs-respect from others
3. *Social* needs-trust, acceptance, friendship, belonging
4. *Safety* needs-protection from threats
5. *Physical* needs (bottom of pyramid)-food, shelter, water, rest
, *Limitations* of *Maslow*'s approach correct answers 1. Not everyone has the same
needs as is assumed by the hierarchy
2. In practice it can be very difficult to identify the degree to which each need has been
met and which level a worker is 'on'
3. Money is necessary to satisfy physical needs, yet it might also play a role in satisfying
other levels of needs such as status and esteem
4. Self-actualisation is never permanently achieved - as some observers of the
hierarchy have suggested. Jobs must continually offer challenges and opportunities for
fulfilment, otherwise regression will occur.
*Herzberg*'s Two Factor Theory. correct answers Looked at the factors that motivate
employees, namely *motivators* and maintenance (*hygiene*) factors
*Hygiene* factors (*Herzberg*) correct answers Parts of a job that do not increase job
satisfaction but help to remove dissatisfaction, such as reasonable wages and working
conditions
*Motivators* (*Herzberg*) correct answers Factors that increase psychological growth of
workers and therefore increase job satisfaction and motivation levels, such as praise,
recognition and responsibility
Job enlargment correct answers giving workers more variety in what they do
Job enrichment correct answers Aims to use the full capabilities of workers by giving
them the opportunity to do more challenging and fulfilling work
Job empowerment correct answers delegation, decision making pow
*Adams* and Equity Theory correct answers A theory that states that people will be
motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly; the idea that employees
try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar
positions
*Pink* and Three Innate Factors correct answers Autonomy-self-sufficient to direct our
own lives
Mastery-Self improvement to learn and create
Purpose-Self-esteem and drive
Hourly wage rate correct answers Payment made to a worker for each hour worked
Piece rate correct answers A payment to a worker fro each uniot produced
Salary correct answers Annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis
Commission correct answers A payment to a sales person for each sale made
