Key Topics for Chapter 1:
• Organization of the body • Organ systems
• Directional terms
• Body planes
• Body regions
• Body cavities
• Abdominal regions and quadrants
Metabolism and Homeostasis
STUDY OUTLINE
Introduction
1. Anatomy—the study of structure.
2. Physiology—the study of function.
3. Pathophysiology—the study of disorders of func-
Levels of Organization
1. Chemical—inorganic and organic chemicals make up all matter, both living and non-living.
2. Cells—the smallest living units of the body.
3. Tissues—groups of cells with similar structure and function.
4. Organs—groups of tissues that contribute to specific functions.
5. Organ systems—groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions
6. Person—all the organ systems functioning properly
Metabolism and Homeostasis
1. Metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical and physical changes that take place in the body.
Metabolic rate is the amount of energy and heat production per unit of time.
2. Homeostasis is a state of good health maintained by the normal metabolism (functioning) of the
organ systems.
3. The body constantly responds to internal and external changes, yet remains stable; its many
aspects of metabolism are kept within normal limits.
4. Negative feedback mechanism—a control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that
reverses or reduces the stimulus, thereby stopping the response until the stimulus occurs again and
there is a need for the response.
• Organization of the body • Organ systems
• Directional terms
• Body planes
• Body regions
• Body cavities
• Abdominal regions and quadrants
Metabolism and Homeostasis
STUDY OUTLINE
Introduction
1. Anatomy—the study of structure.
2. Physiology—the study of function.
3. Pathophysiology—the study of disorders of func-
Levels of Organization
1. Chemical—inorganic and organic chemicals make up all matter, both living and non-living.
2. Cells—the smallest living units of the body.
3. Tissues—groups of cells with similar structure and function.
4. Organs—groups of tissues that contribute to specific functions.
5. Organ systems—groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions
6. Person—all the organ systems functioning properly
Metabolism and Homeostasis
1. Metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical and physical changes that take place in the body.
Metabolic rate is the amount of energy and heat production per unit of time.
2. Homeostasis is a state of good health maintained by the normal metabolism (functioning) of the
organ systems.
3. The body constantly responds to internal and external changes, yet remains stable; its many
aspects of metabolism are kept within normal limits.
4. Negative feedback mechanism—a control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that
reverses or reduces the stimulus, thereby stopping the response until the stimulus occurs again and
there is a need for the response.
