Summary Grade 9_SS Part 1 : Geography Summaries

SOCIAL SCIENCES

, CONTOUR LINES [MAPWORK]
CONTOUR LINES → (contour) lines on a map > connect places of the same height above sea
level [indicate landscape phenomena]

→ symbolic horizontal line indicating height and the shape of the slopesi

→ accurate way to indicate relief on maps [shape, size & steepness]

[relief > shape of the earth's surface > unevenness of the surface]


NOTES:

Z Numbers / figures on the
contour lines > HEIGHT (in

Steep slope Gradual slope meters above sea level)
Z Contour interval > distance
between each contour line
(e.g. 20m)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A HILL
AND A RIDGE:

Height (m) ridge > long, narrow & steep
hilltop / mountain range

HILL




RIDGE




STEEP & GRADUAL SLOPES:

[Slope = Gradient]

Gradient > describes how style is a slope [determined by the angle of the slope]
GRADE 9 > TERM 1



STEEP GRADIENT IN SLOPE → if there is a large difference in height between locations,
while the horizontal distance between the two locations is small (e.g. cliff) [contour lines
that are CLOSE to each other]

EVEN / GRADUAL GRADIENT IN SLOPE → if there is a small difference in elevation between
locations, while the horizontal distance between the two locations is far [contour lines
that are FAR apart]
gradient=
*** a small dot ( ⚫ ) > highest point difference in vertical height [m]
horizontal distance [m]



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, RIVER VALLEYS & SPURS:

VALLEY → low-lying land between hills and mountains where rivers flow thickly > ( V
shaped and runs upwards )

SPUR → finger-like pieces of land that run down from a mountain or hill > ( U shaped and
run downwards ) > stone ridges that form the valley




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