Exam (elaborations) ESS2001 Physiology

The respiratory zone in the lungs includes ____. - ANSWER respiratory bronchioles The internal intercostals are engaged during ____. - ANSWER forced respiration When we inhale, which of the following occurs as a result of the respiratory pump? - ANSWER thoracic vena cavae fill The anchoring membrane that attaches to the lungs themselves is the ____. - ANSWER visceral pleura If you sit and breathe quietly into a spirometer, which lung volume is being recorded? - ANSWER tidal volume The volume of air that remains in the lungs after expiration and cannot be exhaled is the ___. - ANSWER residual volume If you breathe in as deeply as you can and then forcefully exhale as much as possible, a spirometer would be recording which lung volume? - ANSWER vital capacity The maximal volume of air that can be accommodated by the lungs is the ____. - ANSWER total lung volume The pressure gradient that is found in the pulmonary circulation (i.e. from pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins/left atrium) is approximately ____. - ANSWER 10 mmHg Which of these factors is most critical in determining the rate of pulmonary diffusion? - ANSWER gas partial pressure Alveoli are structurally and functionally most similar to which part of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER capillaries According to Dalton's law, ____. - ANSWER the partial pressure of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide add up to atmospheric pressure PCO2 in the alveoli is approximately ____. - ANSWER 40 mmHg During exercise, the oxygen diffusion capacity increases dramatically because ___. - ANSWER lower venous O2 content increases the PO2 gradient The maximum total O2-carrying capacity for a person with a blood volume of 5 L would be ____. - ANSWER ~1 L O2