Criminology AC 4.2 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

Rules that are shared by most people in a culture or the ideas that they hold in value. They are more general guidelines than norms What are social values? - How most people feel as if the elderly should be respected - That seats on public transport should be given up for old people to sit on Give an example of a social value Social expectations that guide behaviour What is a Norm? The expected behaviour of a society (that can change from culture to culture) What is a Social Expectation? Changes to law and or policy? What is the result of a change in Social Values, Norms and Morals? Norms and Values What might change accordingly as society becomes increasingly tolerant? A change in social values and attitudes What has a significant impact on policy development? Homosexuality had the death penalty removed as a punishment, but was still illegal Back in the 16th Century, Homosexuality was punishable by death. What happened in the 19th Century? 1967 When was Homosexuality decriminalized? More pressure on the government, leading to new laws introducing equality What did the increasing tolerance around homosexuality within society cause? The Civil Partnership Act was passed, allowing same sex partnerships What happened in 2004 in relation to Homosexuality? The Marriage Act was passed, allowing same sex couples to get married What happened in 2013 in relation to Homosexuality? Laws that make it a criminal offence to discriminate against someone on the grounds of their sexual orientation, which resulted in the Equality Act 2010 What did the huge tone shift around homosexuality introduce and result in? Around less than half of Americans actually knew that smoking caused health problems like Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Back in the early 1960s almost everybody smoked. But how many knew about the health issues it caused and what were they? The fact that almost everybody did it, and that it was marketed everywhere What made Smoking a social norm? 1964. It showed that there was a strong link between Smoking, Lung Cancer and therefore Heart Disease When was the first report on the relationship between Smoking and Health and what did it show? The environment around smoking has changed to make tobacco less attractive How has the Social Norm promoting smoking changed? The use of graphic images on cigarette boxes and the basic advertisement of health issues that are and can be caused by smoking What methods were used to change the Social Norm around smoking? - Making smoking illegal in specific areas - Making smoking punishable by a fine in specific areas What two prominent policies have been publically used by governments to try and 'crackdown' on smoking? ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) Give an example of a Campaign against smoking They campaign for public health and try to eliminate the harm caused by Tobacco What do ASH campaign? The Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 2002 banned the advertising and promotion of tobacco products Over recent years, campaigning against the smoking of cigarettes has resulted in numerous pieces of restrictive legislation. Give an example - (2002) The Health Act 2006 then went on to prohibit smoking in enclosed and substantially enclosed work and public area Over recent years, campaigning against the smoking of cigarettes has resulted in numerous pieces of restrictive legislation. Give an example - (2006) That they would be the one to stay at home and look after the children as well as cook and clean, while the husband went out to work At the beginning of the 20th century, women had very few legal and political rights. What was the Stereotype of a married woman? Teaching, Waitress or Cooking At the beginning of the 20th century, what stereotypical jobs did unmarried women have? The right to vote, as women would rebel against marriage, seeking education and inequality What did the Suffragette Movement (1903) fight for and what did women do? Society slowly started to change its views about women and witnessed the passage of legislation What was a positive consequence of the Suffragette Movement in 1903? The ability for both women and men to vote In 1928, what ability was introduced to support Women's Rights? New policies concerning equality, as well as some that touched upon issues of education, discrimination and employment What did the 1960s Women's Liberation Movement introduce? The Equal Pay Act which made it illegal to women lower rates than men for the same work In 1970, what policy was introduced to support Women's Rights? The Sex Discrimination Act 1970 made it illegal to discriminate against women in work, education and training In 1975, what policy was introduced to support Women's Rights?