COURSE TITLE :ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
REVIEW FOR CHAPTER 3: CELLS
Chapter Outline
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm and Cell Organelles
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Filtration
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
DNA and the Genetic Code
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Cell Division
Mitosis
Page 1 of 9
, Meiosis
CHAPTER OVER VIEW
Human cells work closely together and function interdependently. Each
type of human cell makes a contribution to the body as a whole. Usually,
however, cells do not function as individuals, but rather in groups. Groups
of cells with similar structure and function form a tissue, which is the next
level of organization.Human cells vary in size, shape, and function. Our
cells function interdependently to maintain homeostasis.
Cell Structure — the major parts of a cell are the cell membrane,
nucleus (except mature RBCs), cytoplasm, and cell organelles
1. Cell membrane—the selectively permeable boundary of the cell.
• Phospholipids permit diffusion of lipid-soluble materials.
• Cholesterol provides stability.
• Proteins form channels, transporters, “self” antigens, and receptor sites
for hormones or other signaling molecules.
2. Nucleus — the control center of the cell; has a double layer
membrane.
• Nucleolus—forms ribosomal RNA.
• Chromosomes—made of DNA and protein;
Page 2 of 9
REVIEW FOR CHAPTER 3: CELLS
Chapter Outline
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm and Cell Organelles
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Filtration
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
DNA and the Genetic Code
RNA and Protein Synthesis
Cell Division
Mitosis
Page 1 of 9
, Meiosis
CHAPTER OVER VIEW
Human cells work closely together and function interdependently. Each
type of human cell makes a contribution to the body as a whole. Usually,
however, cells do not function as individuals, but rather in groups. Groups
of cells with similar structure and function form a tissue, which is the next
level of organization.Human cells vary in size, shape, and function. Our
cells function interdependently to maintain homeostasis.
Cell Structure — the major parts of a cell are the cell membrane,
nucleus (except mature RBCs), cytoplasm, and cell organelles
1. Cell membrane—the selectively permeable boundary of the cell.
• Phospholipids permit diffusion of lipid-soluble materials.
• Cholesterol provides stability.
• Proteins form channels, transporters, “self” antigens, and receptor sites
for hormones or other signaling molecules.
2. Nucleus — the control center of the cell; has a double layer
membrane.
• Nucleolus—forms ribosomal RNA.
• Chromosomes—made of DNA and protein;
Page 2 of 9
