Social Psychology - Quiz Questions 2023 with complete solution

Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to... a.) rely primarily on correlational research b.) argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior c.) examine the influence of situations on behaviors d.) stress individual differences in behavior c.) examine the influence of situations on behaviors Social psychologists test institutions by crafting experiments that isolate the causes of behavior in social situations. a.) true b.) false a.) true Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the goals of social psychology? a.) understanding how people in different cultures think, feel, and behave b.) understanding how people control each others' behaviors c.) evaluating the accuracy of folk theories about how situations influence behavior d.) understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to social situations d.) understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to social situations People tend to believe that behaviors are caused by situation factors opposed to dispositional factors. a.) true b.) false b.) false A stereotype is best characterized as a type of ___________. a.) schema b.) channel factor c.) attribution d.) theory of mind a.) schema Schemas are stores of generalized knowledge about the physical and social world. a.) true b.) false a.) true The classic Milgram study showed that about a.) 1% of participants delivered a 330-volt shock to the "learner" b.) 10% of participants delivered no shocks to the "learner" c.) 20% of participants delivered a 450-volt shock to the "learner" d.) 60% of participants delivered a 450-volt shock to the "learner" d.) 60% of participants delivered a 450-volt shock to the "learner" Kurt Lewin, the founder of modern social psychology, argued that the effects of psychological forces can be understood in the same way that ________ are understood. a.) physical forces b.) attribute forces c.) personality forces d.) armed forces a.) physical forces Social psychology can be defined as the ________ study of the ________ of individuals in social situations. a.) intuitive; behaviors b.) scientific; behaviors c.) scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors d.) behavioral; thoughts and feelings c.) scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors Channel factors can appear to be unimportant on the surface but have significant consequences for behavior. a.) true b.) false a.) true You are discussing one of the more interesting findings from your social psychology class with your roommate. He laughs saying that he could have predicted the finding even before hearing about it, and he makes fun of psychology for wasting time studying stuff people already know. How might you best respond to your roommate? a.) point out that he has just experience hindsight bias, a concept discovered by social psychologists b.) describe the difference between natural sciences and "soft" sciences like psychology c.) explain the independent and dependent variables used in the study d.) agree with him, noting common sense if often correct a.) point out that he has just experience hindsight bias, a concept discovered by social psychologists Wanda reads a research report that says that a recent study found a correlation between oatmeal and cancer: the more oatmeal a person eats, the greater the risk of being diagnosed with cancer. Wanda immediately concludes that she needs to stop eating oatmeal for breakfast. What is wrong with this conclusion? a.) the researcher failed to use random sampling b.) it is a consequence of the hindsight bias c.) the conclusion reflects the erroneous belief that a correlation established causality d.) the researcher's sampling procedure may have been biased c.) the conclusion reflects the erroneous belief that a correlation established causality If we know that a number of bars in a town is a positively correlated with the number churches in a town, which of the following can we conclude with certainty? a.) drinking causes people to turn to religion b.) towns with larger populations are more likely to have more bars and more churches c.) there is a relationship between the variables, such that more bars predict more churches, more churches predict more bars d.) if more bars are built, more churches will also be built c.) there is a relationship between the variables, such that more bars predict more churches, more churches predict more bars The dependent variable is an experiment is the variable that is being manipulated to produce a predicted outcome. a.) true b.) false b.) false Experiments are different from other research methods in that they encompass which of the following components? a.) control group b.) independent variable c.) random assignment d.) all of above choices are components of experiments d.) all of above choices are components of experiments Assigning everyone in a population an equal chance of being selected for a survey is not necessary for generating a random sample in a survey. a.) true b.) false b.) false The independent variable is an experiment is the variable that is a.) manipulated and is hypothesized to be the cause of a particular outcome b.) the variable that is measured c.) compared with the experimental condition d.) an indication of the degree of the relationship between two variables a.) manipulated and is hypothesized to be the cause of a particular outcome An experimental research study is the best way to establish a causal effect of one variable on another variable. a.) true b.) false a.) true Which of the following correlations indicated the lowest degree of relationship between two variables? a.) 1.0 b.) 0.9 c.) 0.6 d.) 0.2 d.) 0.2 When random sampling is used, it means that a.) people are selected based on a specific trait b.) every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected c.) some members of a population are more likely than others to be selected d.) all members of the population are sampled b.) every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected John is thinking about how is he a good baseball player and really enjoys eating pizza. John is thinking about his _________ self. a.) individual b.) relational c.) collective d.) universal a.) individual We engage in upward self-comparisons when we want to make ourselves feel better by thinking about those worse off then us. a.) true b.) false b.) false When is the "better-than-average" effect most likely to occur? a.) when people use objective, concrete measures of performance to assess their abilities b.) when people assess their ability ambiguous traits that can be construed in different ways c.) when men are rating their performance compared with women d.) when people are rating themselves on negative traits b.) when people assess their ability ambiguous traits that can be construed in different ways c.) when men are rating their ________ holds that people are motivated to view themselves in favorable light and that they do so through reflection and social comparison. a.) self-discrepancy theory b.) the self-evaluation maintenance model c.) self-verification theory d.) the Five-Factor Model b.) the self-evaluation maintenance model Self-destuctive behaviors can provide an explanation for possible failures and thereby facilitate impression management. a.) true b.) false a.) true Although many people tend to view themselves in an unrealistically positive light, other people strive for stable, accurate beliefs about the self. This tendency is emphasized by a.) self-verification theory b.) self-determination theory c.) self-consistency theory d.) self-presentation theory a.) self-verification theory One implication of Tesser's self-evaluation maintenance model is that a.) we are biased to believe that our friends' self-concepts are similar to our own b.) we can expect our good friends to help us succeed at anything because all of our successes reflect well on them c.) we should choose friends whom we outperform in domains relevant to our self-concept but who are talented in domains that are not relevant to the self d.) our friends' competencies (or lack thereof) do not influence our self-concept c.) we should choose friends whom we outperform in domains relevant to our self-concept but who are talented in domains that are not relevant to the self Jim tried hard at work, but he is just not very good at this job, According to __________, Jim should feel better about himself if he gets a new job is good at. a.) self-vetifiacaiton theory b.) the sociometer hypothesis c.) the principle of self-handicapping d.) the contingencies of the self-worth account of self-esteem d.) the contingencies of the self-worth account of self-esteem Barbara just received a "B" on her test. Her friends, Gina and Mica, received an "A" and a "C," respectively. Later that night, Barbara tells her roommate that she did "really well" relative to other people in the class. According to social comparison theory, Barbara appears to have engaged in _________. a.) upward comparison b.) downward comparison c.) promotional comparison d.) prevention comparison b.) downward comparison According to Festinger's social comparison theory, people often form judgments about their traits and abilities by comparing themselves with others. According to the theory, this process is most likely to occur when a.) the people around them are judgmental and unkind b.) people have a clear and detailed self-concept c.) the people around them have superior traits and abilities d.) people have no objective standard by which to judge themselves d.) people have no objective standard by which to judge