INTRODUCTION • grow well at 25°C (below 30°C), produce Ascospore (sexual) found • Fungal nail inf: Onychomycosis, but
• hypha, mycelium & spore in sac. They also produce if the cause is a Dermatophyte:
• Eukaryotic
• SDA: granular, cotton, velvety, conidiospores (asexual) Tinea Unguiu
• Heterotroph dusty, in di erent colors (red, • Mushroom produce basidiospore • Tinea capitis: If secondary bacterial
• Immobile yellow, green) • Sexual spores: zygospore, inf develops: kerion, permanent
• Polysaccharide cell wall: Chitin, B
• Stain: Lactophenol cotton blue ascospore, basidiospore scarring & ultimately baldness
glucan, mannan (LPCB) (staining chitin), • Asuxual spores: Arthrospore (barrel (FAVUS) occurs
• Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
• Deuteromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti ; shaped), Blastospore (candida), • Tinea favosa; Trichophyton
• 1+ nucleus no sexual state Chlamydospore, Macroconidium, schoenleinii causes permanent
• No peptidoglycan: insensitive to
• Mold (LPCB stain) Microconidium, Sporangiospore baldness
antibiotics
• Penicillium notatum (Penicillium • Rhizopus species: have nonseptate • Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot):
• Ergosterol in cell membrane
chrysogenum) hyphae, produce sexuall spores as Trichophyton rubrum
• Capsule; adhesion to the host,
• Hyphae divided into two groups zygospore, asexual sporea as • Onychomycosis: Tinea unguium
boost virulence by protecting
according their function: Aerial sporangiospore • Tinea barbae : Trichophyton
against phagocytosis
hyphae : responsible for the • Aspergillus spp.: have septated verrucosum
• Some contain capsule: C.
reproduction above the surface of hyphae produce sexual spores as • Tinea corporis; Trichophyton
Neoformans (meningitis in AIDS
the mycelium & Vegetative hyphae : ascospore, asexual spores as rubrum
patients), Trichosporon beigelii
responsible for nutrition hyphaea Conidia • Tinea cruris (jock itch): T. rubrum E.
(yeasts) form capsules when the
nutritional environment is rich,
that penetratate the medium and
absorb nutrients
SUPERFICIAL •
occosum
Tinea manum, Tinea incognito:
Dematiaceous fungus (yeast and
molds that have melanin in cell wall
• No septate hyphae: Rhizopus, MYCOSES Trichophyton rubrum
Mucor • Infect only epithelial cells of the St • Diagnosis: KOH, Calco uor white
(increase pathogenicity)
• Septate hyphae: Aspergillus and corneum (sf level of epidermis) of ( uorescence) Periodic Acid-Schi
• Capsule: Indian ink
Penicillium (red color). SDA. Wood’s lamp
YEASTS skin, nail and hair
• spores are considered to have DERMATOPHYTOSIS (TINEA, PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
• unicellular
reproductive functions of fungi, • Malassezia furfur, member skin
RINGWORM)
• grow best at 37°C(above 30°C),
Fungal spores di er according to ora,
• reproduce asexually (blastospore) • Microsporum sp: skin and hair
species: imp in diagnosis. • Trichophyton sp: hair skin and nail • Sf chronic inf on st corneum,
formed by asymmetric division
• Mycoses are mostly transmitted by • Epidermophyton sp: skin and nail endogenous inf
(budding)
asexual spores • Mold that feed on dead keratin • skin lesions, Blepharitis, Folliculitis,
• SDA or Mycosel: smooth, glabrous,
• DIMORPHIC FUNGI; can grow as Atopic dermatitis, Dandru
tissue of skin, nail, hair (secrete
creamy, white
both yeast and mold, grow as mold extracellular enzymes- keratinases , • Diagnosis: KOH, spaghetti and
• Cryptococcus sp: brown, mucoid
at 25 ° C, yeast at 37 ° C meatball, Woods light
lipases, proteases, phosphatases.
colonies: polysaccharide capsules
• Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Form hyphae & spread throughout TINEA NIGRA
• examined with Gram stain, Gram-
Absidia spp.: sexual spore • Hortaea werneckii: black yeast
the keratin layer)
positive, oval, some produce
(Zygospore) & asexual spore • Not present in microbiota, • Brown cells: melanin
pseudohyphae WHITE PIEDRA
(sporangiospores), they have non- exogenous inf.
MOLDS
septate hyphae • Transmission: soil, animals, human • Trichosporon spp
• multicellular,
• Ascomycetes; Penicillium, • Hair
• sexual or asexual, • Lesions: red, itchy, scaly, circular
Aspergillus Saccharomyces rash BLACK PIEDRA
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ff ff fl ff ff
• hypha, mycelium & spore in sac. They also produce if the cause is a Dermatophyte:
• Eukaryotic
• SDA: granular, cotton, velvety, conidiospores (asexual) Tinea Unguiu
• Heterotroph dusty, in di erent colors (red, • Mushroom produce basidiospore • Tinea capitis: If secondary bacterial
• Immobile yellow, green) • Sexual spores: zygospore, inf develops: kerion, permanent
• Polysaccharide cell wall: Chitin, B
• Stain: Lactophenol cotton blue ascospore, basidiospore scarring & ultimately baldness
glucan, mannan (LPCB) (staining chitin), • Asuxual spores: Arthrospore (barrel (FAVUS) occurs
• Aerobic or facultative anaerobic
• Deuteromycetes: Fungi Imperfecti ; shaped), Blastospore (candida), • Tinea favosa; Trichophyton
• 1+ nucleus no sexual state Chlamydospore, Macroconidium, schoenleinii causes permanent
• No peptidoglycan: insensitive to
• Mold (LPCB stain) Microconidium, Sporangiospore baldness
antibiotics
• Penicillium notatum (Penicillium • Rhizopus species: have nonseptate • Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot):
• Ergosterol in cell membrane
chrysogenum) hyphae, produce sexuall spores as Trichophyton rubrum
• Capsule; adhesion to the host,
• Hyphae divided into two groups zygospore, asexual sporea as • Onychomycosis: Tinea unguium
boost virulence by protecting
according their function: Aerial sporangiospore • Tinea barbae : Trichophyton
against phagocytosis
hyphae : responsible for the • Aspergillus spp.: have septated verrucosum
• Some contain capsule: C.
reproduction above the surface of hyphae produce sexual spores as • Tinea corporis; Trichophyton
Neoformans (meningitis in AIDS
the mycelium & Vegetative hyphae : ascospore, asexual spores as rubrum
patients), Trichosporon beigelii
responsible for nutrition hyphaea Conidia • Tinea cruris (jock itch): T. rubrum E.
(yeasts) form capsules when the
nutritional environment is rich,
that penetratate the medium and
absorb nutrients
SUPERFICIAL •
occosum
Tinea manum, Tinea incognito:
Dematiaceous fungus (yeast and
molds that have melanin in cell wall
• No septate hyphae: Rhizopus, MYCOSES Trichophyton rubrum
Mucor • Infect only epithelial cells of the St • Diagnosis: KOH, Calco uor white
(increase pathogenicity)
• Septate hyphae: Aspergillus and corneum (sf level of epidermis) of ( uorescence) Periodic Acid-Schi
• Capsule: Indian ink
Penicillium (red color). SDA. Wood’s lamp
YEASTS skin, nail and hair
• spores are considered to have DERMATOPHYTOSIS (TINEA, PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
• unicellular
reproductive functions of fungi, • Malassezia furfur, member skin
RINGWORM)
• grow best at 37°C(above 30°C),
Fungal spores di er according to ora,
• reproduce asexually (blastospore) • Microsporum sp: skin and hair
species: imp in diagnosis. • Trichophyton sp: hair skin and nail • Sf chronic inf on st corneum,
formed by asymmetric division
• Mycoses are mostly transmitted by • Epidermophyton sp: skin and nail endogenous inf
(budding)
asexual spores • Mold that feed on dead keratin • skin lesions, Blepharitis, Folliculitis,
• SDA or Mycosel: smooth, glabrous,
• DIMORPHIC FUNGI; can grow as Atopic dermatitis, Dandru
tissue of skin, nail, hair (secrete
creamy, white
both yeast and mold, grow as mold extracellular enzymes- keratinases , • Diagnosis: KOH, spaghetti and
• Cryptococcus sp: brown, mucoid
at 25 ° C, yeast at 37 ° C meatball, Woods light
lipases, proteases, phosphatases.
colonies: polysaccharide capsules
• Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Form hyphae & spread throughout TINEA NIGRA
• examined with Gram stain, Gram-
Absidia spp.: sexual spore • Hortaea werneckii: black yeast
the keratin layer)
positive, oval, some produce
(Zygospore) & asexual spore • Not present in microbiota, • Brown cells: melanin
pseudohyphae WHITE PIEDRA
(sporangiospores), they have non- exogenous inf.
MOLDS
septate hyphae • Transmission: soil, animals, human • Trichosporon spp
• multicellular,
• Ascomycetes; Penicillium, • Hair
• sexual or asexual, • Lesions: red, itchy, scaly, circular
Aspergillus Saccharomyces rash BLACK PIEDRA
flfl
ff ff fl ff ff
