Psych 140 (General Psychology) 2023 with verified questions and answers

lordosis __________ refers to a physical posture in females that serves as an invitation to mate It doesn't exist. According to the module on Attention, which of the following is true regarding multitasking? They have a theory of mind. The observation that Chimpanzees are able to use deceptive tactics when competing for food indicates: both a and c In general: Francis Galton This person was among those who pioneered psychological measurement. Among other contributions, he was possibly the first to popularize the notion that the heritability of psychological traits could be assessed by looking at identical and fraternal twins. central The ________ route to persuasion employs direct, relevant, and logical messages to convince a listener to make a specific change. Validity Buffy thinks that the swimsuit competition does not belong in the academic scholarship selection criteria. What aspect of the contest has she challenged? sunk costs Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert? Overconfidence After taking a 10 question pop quiz, John was confident that he got at least 9 questions correct. However, after grading he found that he actually only answered 6 questions correctly. John suffers from: bounded rationality While humans try to make rational and logical decisions, we are prevented from doing so by the cognitive limitations that limit the quality and quantity of information available to us. This limitation is called: Growth According to researcher Carol Dweck when children believe that their intelligence is changeable and evolving they experience an ____ mindset. Boundary Awareness Joseph is very focused on counting the number of acorns that have fallen from the tree in his front yard. He is concentrating so hard, in fact that he fails to notice the obvious and important fact that there is dog poop underneath the tree as well. Failing to notice this available info leads Joseph to step into the mess. Which of the following is this an example of? 100 If a 5-year-old takes an IQ test and scores the same as the average score for 10 of a 5-year-old her IQ would be: Elicits eating behavior in the rat. Dr. Habib triggers activity in the lateral hypothalamus of a rat by stimulating it electronically. This procedure typically: Identical twins are far more likely to share patterns of attraction than are non-twin siblings. Which of the following offers evidence that sexual orientation is at least in part the product of genetics? bounded rationality Marita is having difficulty deciding whether she should go on a date with Richard or with Lionel. She weighs the pros and cons of dating each gentleman, but according to the __________ framework, cognitive limitations will prevent her from making an optimal decision. commitment When one has the sense that a desired goal is both valuable and attainable, ________ may be the result When Chris takes a test of intelligence and his grandson Abraham takes an equivalent test 50 years later, Abraham will have a higher score. According to the Flynn Effect, which of the following would be the most accurate prediction about intelligence? bounded ethicality The systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we are not even aware of ourselves is called _______________. stereotype threat Banafsheh is a female student in a graduate program in pure mathematics. On the first day of classes, she notices that she is one of the only females in the group. Consequently, she feels more conscious of her gender in that situation. At the start of the class, the instructor gives each student a written quiz to assess their current level of knowledge. When taking this test, Banafsheh, being particularly aware of her gender, is most likely to experience which of the following phenomena? implementation The __________ phase of self-regulation involves planning specific actions that are designed to help a person achieve a selected goal. the need to have influence over one's physical and social environments. Glasser's motivation theory described the need for Power as the social or cultural function of emotion When small children get frustrated at school they sometimes cry. A teacher might say, "calm down" or "use your words to tell how you feel." This process of learning appropriate emotional behavior would be an example of _______. Intersex is a word: used to refer to being born with some combination of male and female reproductive organs We are motivated to keep a steady internal state Which BEST characterizes the concept of drive states? turning one's focus inward As a drive state intensifies, attention is directed toward certain elements to ensure the fulfillment of that drive. What is one form of narrowing of attention that occurs during this time? standardized A possible problem in the use of psychological tests (e.g., IQ tests) is that many different psychologists from different backgrounds and with different theoretical orientations and backgrounds may give the test. Every psychologist then might deliver the test differently. In order to overcome this problem, it is ideal if psychological tests are: social referencing Young Lilah is taken to a family dinner and she meets an uncle who she has never met before. As he reaches to her for a hug, Lilah looks to her mother with an uncertain look on her face. As she sees her mother nodding and smiling, Lilah looks back to the uncle and gives him a warm hug. Lilah has used ________ to determine how to act in this situation. Intelligence is: an individual's cognitive capacity, including the ability to acquire, process, recall and apply information interpersonal Marlon has found that when he gets sad, his girlfriend becomes particularly nurturing and tries to take care of him. While he does not particularly want to feel these emotions, the response it draws from his girlfriend demonstrates the ________ function of emotions. lower than Ray's Louisa and Ray are evaluating the amount of recess time that should be given in the next school year at a new combined school for children from School A and School B. Louisa has a report that says over the last year children had no recess time at School A. Ray has a report that children had 60 minutes of research time each day. Due to anchoring, Louisa is likely to give a recommendation that is: Francis Galton This person was among those who pioneered psychological measurement. Among other contributions, he was possibly the first to popularize the notion that the heritability of psychological traits could be assessed by looking at identical and fraternal twins. violent criminals In the video, "Stuart Brown says play is more than fun," Brown talks about the lack of play during the childhoods and adulthoods of Psychologists best define drive states as: affective experiences that motivate organisms to fulfill survival or reproductive goals reward value Even though you already ate a huge dinner, you can't say no to a nice big bowl of ice cream. The ice-cream has a high: set point Humans desire a stable state in their physiological systems. If a system is unstable, the system state must be monitored and compared to an ideal level also called what? The speaker presents his/her message as educational or objective information. Which of the following is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker? motivation In order to achieve a goal, a certain level of psychological driving force is need to enable action. What is this psychological driving force called? peripheral During a political debate, one candidate continually avoids questions about the details of his policies. Instead, he focuses on pointing out problems that he know worry people and reassures them with a warm smile that they will be in good hands if he is elected. This candidate is using the ________ route to persuasion in trying to garner votes. Binet and Simon Which of the following pairs of psychologists were responsible for the first recognized test of intelligence quotient, or IQ? reciprocity Tracy enters a car dealership interested in buying a new car. Immediately she is greeted by a salesman offering her water or soda and a cookie. The salesman is likely relying on what social norm to help persuade Tracy to buy a car? there is a need for social order As you consider how emotions function at the level of culture, which of the following flows naturally and immediately from the fact that societies are complex? Crystallized Intelligence is to Fluid Intelligence: information that has been acquired through experience: ability to reason and problem solve in novel situations The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage trigger features that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called? fixed action patterns (FAPs) cultural influence on emotion norms John is a Canadian having dinner with his friends from China. He openly shows both his enthusiasm and his anger about various topics as they speak. John notices that his friends smile and nod but that they do not display strong emotions. This is an example of Different average scores for groups are reliable, but not necessarily valid. In class notes, we saw the controversy over the book The Bell Curve. From the material, what can we conclude about the assessment of intelligence tests and ethnic groups? people spent the money on somebody else and were happy about it. In the TED video, "Michael Norton: How to buy happiness," giving people $20 to spend on somebody else resulted in what outcome? Persuasion __________ is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. interpersonal Marlon has found that when he gets sad, his girlfriend becomes particularly nurturing and tries to take care of him. While he does not particularly want to feel these emotions, the response it draws from his girlfriend demonstrates the ________ function of emotions. When Chris takes a test of intelligence and his grandson Abraham takes an equivalent test 50 years later, Abraham will have a higher score According to the Flynn Effect, which of the following would be the most accurate prediction about intelligence? lateral hypothalamus Carla was recently diagnosed with a brain tumor and has since completely lost her appetite. The brain tumor is likely located in her: self-control You have decided that you want to get in shape, so you commit to working out at least 4 times a week after class. Today, however, your classmates invite you to get ice-cream with them to celebrate the end of the semester. You are torn between your commitment to work out and your desire to hang out with your friends (and eat ice-cream!). Ultimately, you decide to work out and catch up with your friends later if they are still out. You are demonstrating ____________. We are motivated to keep a steady internal state. Which BEST characterizes the concept of drive states? The _______ phase of goal pursuit fosters actions that _______ immediate goal oriented actions. The _______ phase of goal pursuit fosters actions that _______ immediate goal oriented actions. means Your goal this semester to earn a 98% in your psychology course. The library, your textbooks, and your desk are all examples of _______. turning one's focus inward As a drive state intensifies, attention is directed toward certain elements to ensure the fulfillment of that drive. What is one form of narrowing of attention that occurs during this time? people spent the money on somebody else and were happy about it. In the TED video, "Michael Norton: How to buy happiness," giving people $20 to spend on somebody else resulted in what outcome? referencing The process by which we look to other people to get information about how to feel in specific situations is called social ________. divided attention. Dennis is playing solitaire while watching a movie and wants to be effective at both. This attention activity is properly called... As you read in the Common Sense exercise on-line, it is true that Opposites Attract. As you read in the Common Sense exercise on-line, it is true that Opposites Attract. a continuum ranging from heterosexual to homosexual Kinsey argued sexual orientation was: IQ tests have become progressively easier over time. Which of the following is not a likely explanation of the Flynn effect in many cultures? 70 John has just been assessed as having an mild intellectual disability. Part of this diagnosis was based on his IQ score, which must have been below which of the following thresholds? intrapersonal The ________ functions of emotions refers to the roles that emotions play within each of us individually. They can include physical changes in our bodies or psychological changes in our minds. Goal priming Janet wants to get in shape and lose weight, so she decides to go for a jog every other day. Her best friend Clotille agrees to do it with her, and the two motivate each other to stay focused. Seeing her friend would serve as a form of ________ for the activity of running and exercising. the need to have influence over one's physical and social environments. Glasser's motivation theory described the need for Power as trigger Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called __________ features. Intrapersonal The ________ functions of emotions refers to the roles that emotions play within each of us individually. They can include physical changes in our bodies or psychological changes in our minds. intuition When it comes to making decisions humans tend to rely heavily on _________. Validity Buffy thinks that the swimsuit competition does not belong in the academic scholarship selection criteria. What aspect of the contest has she challenged? Overconfidence The tendency to inflate your own sense of competence or to be more certain than you should be is called __________. there is a need for social order As you consider how emotions function at the level of culture, which of the following flows naturally and immediately from the fact that societies are complex? social referencing Young Lilah is taken to a family dinner and she meets an uncle who she has never met before. As he reaches to her for a hug, Lilah looks to her mother with an uncertain look on her face. As she sees her mother nodding and smiling, Lilah looks back to the uncle and gives him a warm hug. Lilah has used ________ to determine how to act in this situation. expertise Which of the following is not a part of the proposed triad of trustworthiness? About 75% of North Americans report having oral sex whereas only about 10% of people in Eastern and African cultures do. Which of the following is true about oral sex? central The ________ route to persuasion employs direct, relevant, and logical messages to convince a listener to make a specific change. Intrinsic __________ motivation stems from the inherent pleasure associated with pursuing a goal, such as having a fulfilling experience. Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character. Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs? preoptic area There are many ways that men and women can differ when it comes to sexual arousal and motivation. For example, in males, sexual arousal is strongly linked to the _______. Stereotype Threat Study Banafsheh is a female student in a graduate program in pure mathematics. On the first day of classes, she notices that she is one of the only females in the group. Consequently, she feels more conscious of her gender in that situation. At the start of the class, the instructor gives each student a written quiz to assess their current level of knowledge. When taking this test, Banafsheh, being particularly aware of her gender, is most likely to experience which of the following phenomena? The number of times people engage in sex annually differs widely across cultures Which of the following is true about sexual behavior across cultures? Sexual arousal is a drive state because it motivates reproductive goal behavior. Which is most true of sexual arousal? Research supports the idea that anal sex occurs among both hetero- and homosexual couples, although rates vary across cultures There is a stereotype that anal sex is associated with "homosexual behavior." According to research, which of the following is most accurate? Crystallized Intelligence is to Fluid Intelligence: information that has been acquired through experience: ability to reason and problem solve in novel situations door in the face Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick? Normed Psychological tests are often used to measure characteristics (e.g., IQ) across people of different ages, who live in different places, and so on. In order that people can be properly ordered on the dimension of measurement (e.g., compare their IQs), it's important that these tests are: we have limits. Humans have a limitless capacity for learning. Regarding attention, Implementation The __________ phase of self-regulation involves planning specific actions that are designed to help a person achieve a selected goal. commitment When one has the sense that a desired goal is both valuable and attainable, ________ may be the result Reflex Which type of human response doesn't require activity within the brain, according to the lecture notes?