Soci 205 Exam 2 (Cohn) Exam 2023 with complete solution

1. rural landlessness (Jeffrey Paige and reading): increses liklehood for rural upbringing agriculture is a big deal, but labor is not spread evenly 2. Samuel Huntington: Third wave- switch from wanting democracy to dictator- ship bc they are tired of ineffective democracy. Then they hate dictatorship and want democracy. 3. 3 authors that started the fundamentals of sociology (founding fathers): 1. Karl Marx 2. Weber 3. Durkheim 4. What makes Marxism appealing? (5): -Money is an important motivator for people -People fight about money; conflict is an important feature of life (fight for economic survival) -Contradictions between forces and relations of production -Conflict between management and labor (bourgeoisie vs proletariat); increase in money=increase in labor force -the poorer the income, the better Marxism looks 5. Contradictions between forces and relations of production: contradiction between forces= what capitalism has to do to make profit relations of production= what capitalism has to do to survive long term 6. Basic Marxism (12): -differentiated between bourgeoisie and proletariat -bourgeoisie owns and controls means of production -proletariat controls their own labor -much of labor force is neither bourgeoisie or proletariat -ownership and control is important -bourgeoisie always exploits proletariat; always in conflict -extraction of surplus value=company won't pay you a good amount unless they profit from it -all values come from labor -working with embodied labor -capitalism(owner) produces no value, executives contribute to the process -economies become unstable when they lose surplus value -energy becomes expensive 7. Communist Manifesto (2) : -all capitalist societies will fall because of a workers revolution (most advanced nations will fall first) -too much use of capital = unemployment (people will be too poor to buy stuff) 8. Marxist Model: media, culture and government is controlled by capitalist class for the benefit of capital 9. Marxist Model (3) : -media pushes capitalist values (you NEED this; work to buy something) -workers will wake up when they realize the economy is falling (workers will rise up and overthrow capitalism which will create socialism) -a class that isn't doing anything for itself is a class of itself 10. Capitalism: Bourgeoisie owns means of production & Proletariat sells labor to bourgeoisie 11. Socialism: no private property, doesn't own any means of production, social democracy(tax the rich to help the poor) 12. Bourgeoisie: owns and controls means of production 13. Proletariat: only controls their own labor 14. Surplus Value: -all value comes from labor -value you created and are not receiving 15. Slave economy: someone owns the right to your labor 16. Arguments against Marxism (5): -capitalism will fall by revolution and get overthrown by working class (False- this hasn't happened) -workers get more revolutionary as capitalism progresses (False) -capitalist economies have prospered over time; increases in wages/increase in standard of living -did not figure a technological change would happen -did not figure liberal left wing reform would happen 17. Neo-Marxism Generations (5): 1. Karl Marx himself 2. Fabian socialism (1890's) 3. Lenin and Trotsky (early 20th century) 4. 1970's Americans 5. Green Marxism (Now) 18. Generation 1: Karl Marx: We saw what was wrong with his primitive reason 19. Generation 2: Fabian socialism: -1890's -Workers don't need revolution