Chapter 11 The Endocrine System (The Human Body in Health & Diseases
1. What are the differences between endocrine and exocrine?:
ANS Endocrine glands are ductless glands and they secrete
chemicals (hormones) into intracel- lular spaces. Exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a
cavity.
2. What does the endocrine system provides?: ANS It
provides slower but longer-lasting control by way of hormones
circulated by the blood.
3. The endocrine system function are?: ANS Communication and
control.
4. Location of the organs of the endocrine system throughout
the body?: - ANS
Cranial, neck, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities.
5. What are the location of the endocrine glands?: ANSPituitary
gland, Hypothala- mus, Pineal gland, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Thymus,
Adrenal glands, Pancreatic Islet, Ovaries and Testes.
6. Mention two major classes of hormones?: ANSNon-
steroid hormones and Steroid hormones.
7. What are prostaglandins (PGs) influences?: ANS They
influence respiration, blood pressure, gastrointestinal secretions,
inflammation and the reproductive system.
8. Three classes of prostaglandins are?: ANS Prostaglandin A
(PGA), Prostaglandin E (PGE) and Prostaglandin F (PGF)
1/
,9. Where are prostaglandins produced?: ANSThey are often
produced in a tissue and diffused only a short distance to act on cells
in that tissue.
10.Define prostaglandin?: ANSAny of a group of naturally
occurring fatty acids that affect many body functions
11.What causes dwarfism?: ANS Hypo-secretion of growth
hormone during the growth years often produces pituitary
dwarfism.
12.How can dwarfism be treated?: ANSWith injections of synthetic
growth hormones as skeleton develops.
13.What are the characteristics or dwarfism?: They have a
body of normal proportions but are much smaller on overall size.
14.What is acromegaly?: It happens when the anterior pituitary
gland secretes too much growth hormone after the normal growth
years.
15.What are the characteristics of acromegaly?:
ANSEnlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, jaws and cheeks.
Facial appearance results from a combination of bone and soft tissue
overgrowth.
2/
, 16.What is gigantism?: ANS Hyper-secretion of growth hormone
during early years of life.
17.How is the pituitary gland divided?: ANSInto two endocrine
glands.
18.What are the name of the two endocrine glands found in
the pituitary gland?: ANSAnterior pituitary gland or
adenohypophysis and the posterior pituitary gland or
neurohypophysis.
19.What are the differences between anterior and posterior
pituitary glands?: ANS (Anterior) adeno means glands, it has
the structure of an endocrine gland.
(Posterior) neuro means nervous, it has the structure of a nervous
tissue.
20.Where does the pituitary gland lies?: ANS Buried deep in the
cranial cavity, in the small depression of the sphenoid bone, called
sella turcica "Turkish saddle."
21.What hormones does the anterior pituitary secretes?:
ANS1. Thyroid-stimulat- ing hormone (TSH)
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5. Growth hormone (GH)
6. Prolactin (PRL)
3/
1. What are the differences between endocrine and exocrine?:
ANS Endocrine glands are ductless glands and they secrete
chemicals (hormones) into intracel- lular spaces. Exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a
cavity.
2. What does the endocrine system provides?: ANS It
provides slower but longer-lasting control by way of hormones
circulated by the blood.
3. The endocrine system function are?: ANS Communication and
control.
4. Location of the organs of the endocrine system throughout
the body?: - ANS
Cranial, neck, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities.
5. What are the location of the endocrine glands?: ANSPituitary
gland, Hypothala- mus, Pineal gland, Parathyroid, Thyroid, Thymus,
Adrenal glands, Pancreatic Islet, Ovaries and Testes.
6. Mention two major classes of hormones?: ANSNon-
steroid hormones and Steroid hormones.
7. What are prostaglandins (PGs) influences?: ANS They
influence respiration, blood pressure, gastrointestinal secretions,
inflammation and the reproductive system.
8. Three classes of prostaglandins are?: ANS Prostaglandin A
(PGA), Prostaglandin E (PGE) and Prostaglandin F (PGF)
1/
,9. Where are prostaglandins produced?: ANSThey are often
produced in a tissue and diffused only a short distance to act on cells
in that tissue.
10.Define prostaglandin?: ANSAny of a group of naturally
occurring fatty acids that affect many body functions
11.What causes dwarfism?: ANS Hypo-secretion of growth
hormone during the growth years often produces pituitary
dwarfism.
12.How can dwarfism be treated?: ANSWith injections of synthetic
growth hormones as skeleton develops.
13.What are the characteristics or dwarfism?: They have a
body of normal proportions but are much smaller on overall size.
14.What is acromegaly?: It happens when the anterior pituitary
gland secretes too much growth hormone after the normal growth
years.
15.What are the characteristics of acromegaly?:
ANSEnlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, jaws and cheeks.
Facial appearance results from a combination of bone and soft tissue
overgrowth.
2/
, 16.What is gigantism?: ANS Hyper-secretion of growth hormone
during early years of life.
17.How is the pituitary gland divided?: ANSInto two endocrine
glands.
18.What are the name of the two endocrine glands found in
the pituitary gland?: ANSAnterior pituitary gland or
adenohypophysis and the posterior pituitary gland or
neurohypophysis.
19.What are the differences between anterior and posterior
pituitary glands?: ANS (Anterior) adeno means glands, it has
the structure of an endocrine gland.
(Posterior) neuro means nervous, it has the structure of a nervous
tissue.
20.Where does the pituitary gland lies?: ANS Buried deep in the
cranial cavity, in the small depression of the sphenoid bone, called
sella turcica "Turkish saddle."
21.What hormones does the anterior pituitary secretes?:
ANS1. Thyroid-stimulat- ing hormone (TSH)
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
5. Growth hormone (GH)
6. Prolactin (PRL)
3/
