GI Nursing Questions and answers 2023 verified

GI Nursing Questions and answers 2023 verified upper esophageal sphincter What is closed at rest to prevent air from entering the esophagus during respiration? lower esophageal sphincter What is closed at rest to prevent reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus? -propel food -prevent reflux Purpose of the esophagus? Stomach -glandular, digestive and endocrine organ located in the midline and LUQ -fuction: food reservoir, mechanical movements and chemical secretions -distention and dilation of pancreatic ducts change -decreased lipase levels result in decreased fat absorption and digestion -encourage small, frequent feedings -assess for diarrhea Pancreatic changes in the elderly -decreased enzyme activity depresses drug metabolism, which leads to accumulation of drugs -assess all clients for adverse effects of all drugs Liver changes in the elderly -atrophy of gastric mucosa -note a decreased hydrochloric acid level -may see decreased iron absorption -encourage bland foods high in vitamins and iron -assess for epigastric pain Stomach changes in the elderly -perstalsis decreases and nerve impulses are dull -may see constipation and impaction -encourage activity, fiber, and fluids Large intestine changes in the elderly cardiac issue!! What should you always rule out before assuming something is a GI issue? stomatitis -painful single or multiple ulcers of oral mucosa -referred to as canker sores -pain, poss. bleeding, poss. infection primary stomatitis noninfectious, herpes simplex, and traumatic ulcers are classified as? secondary stomatitis -results from infection by opportunistic viruses, fungi, or bacteria -candidiasis -older adults -diabetics -malnourished -emotionally stressed Who is at risk for candidiasis? Candidiasis a fungal infection c/b overgrowth of normal flora