EPPP; ASSOCIATION OF STATE AND PROVINCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BOARDS
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following best explains the significant differences between mean IQ scores of
European American and African American undergraduates? – ANSWER A. The difference in the
quality of secondary education for European American and African American students
B. Inherent brain differences between European American and African American students
C. Differences between urban and suburban experiences
D. An inherent bias in IQ tests toward the majority group
Further, there is little consensus regarding the definition of intelligence, the definition of test
bias, the existence of test bias, the types of test biases, the impact of test bias on diverse students,
and the nature and extent of test bias in contemporary or newly re-normed tests. These two
educational fields rely extensively on tests to make educational and placement decisions. In
gifted education, low test scores often prevent diverse students from being identified as gifted
and receiving services; in special education, low test scores often result in identifications such as
learning disabled, mentally retarded, and so forth. Racially and linguistically diverse students
(African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans) are under-represented in gifted
education and over-represented in special education. In one camp, scholars argue that the low test
performance of minority students can be attributed to cultural deprivation or disadvantage(s);
connotatively, this refers to the notion of diverse students being inferior to other students (see
Rushton, 2003). Unfortunately, deficit thinking orientations are present even today (e.g., Ford,
Harris, Tyson, & Frazier Trotman, 2002). For instance, Frasier, García, and Passow (1995), and
Harmon (2002) argued that teachers tend not to refer racially and culturally diverse students to
gifted programs because of their deficit thinking and stereotypes about diverse students. When
the focus is on what diverse students cannot do rather than what they can do, then they are not
likely to be referred for gifted education services.
,In a different camp, scholars argue that minority students are culturally different, but not
culturally disadvantaged or deficient (e.g., Boykin, 1986; Delpit, 1995; Erickson, 2004; Nieto,
1999; Rodriguez & Bellanca, 1996; Shade, Kelly, & Oberg, 1997). These individuals
acknowledge that culture impacts test performance, but they do not equate or associate low
performance with inferiority.
The complex nucleic acids RNA and DNA have been identified as the vehicles that carry the
genetic code. Studies suggest that these nucleic acids may play a role in adaptive behavior as
well, and evidence has been cited for their function in: - ANSWER A. consciousness.
B. memory.
C. social motivation.
D. creativity.
D is correct. Genome-wide copy number variation analysis in extended families and unrelated
individuals characterized for musical aptitude and creativity in music. One study found that an
increased presence of a particular cluster of genes (associated with plasticity in the brain) could
heighten someone’s chance of harboring creative thought – this is because these particular genes
are associated with the brain’s ability to break and form new connections between cells. In
human terms, this genetic makeup can make you a faster learner. Something which is generally
considered to be an asset to creativity, but not a sure-fire root to achieving it.
As Type I (alpha) error increases, power: - ANSWER A. decreases; and as Type II error (beta)
increases, power increases.
B. increases; and as Type II error (beta) increases, power increases.
C. decreases; and as Type II error (beta) increases, power decreases.
D. increases; and as Type II error (beta) increases, power decreases.
,D. is correct. The practical result of this is that if we require stronger evidence to reject the null
hypothesis (smaller significance level = probability of a Type I error), we will increase the
chance that we will be unable to reject the null hypothesis when in fact Ho is false (increases the
probability of a Type II error).
Decreasing the alpha reduces the risk of a Type I error
Decreasing the alpha increases the risk of a Type II error
Increasing sample size decreases beta/ increases power
Increasing power decreases potential for Type II error
One of a psychologist’s undergraduate students reports a desire to terminate therapy with another
clinician and begin a therapeutic relationship with the psychologist. According to ethics codes
published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations, the most appropriate
response to this request is to: - ANSWER A. speak to the current therapist about the students
concerns.
B. encourage the student to discuss the issue with the current therapist.
C. accept the student as a client but arrange to have the students course work graded by another
instructor.
D. obtain the current therapists permission to begin treating the student.
B is correct.
A psychologist refrains from entering into or promising another personal, scientific, professional,
financial, or other relationship with such persons if it appears likely that such a relationship
reasonably might impair the psychologist’s objectivity or otherwise interfere with the
psychologist’s effectively performing his or her functions as a psychologist, or might harm or
exploit the other party. (section 1.17a)
, The attachment of infants to their mothers and fathers, which depends on appropriate parental
response during a brief sensitive period of the infant’s life, is suggestive of: - ANSWER A.
internalization.
B. contact conditioning.
C. habituation.
D. imprinting
D is correct.
The idea of imprinting was discovered by the English biologist Douglas Spalding, who, whilst
observing the behavior of chicks and adult chickens, noted the “stamping in” of the impression
left by the first moving object that a chick saw. Across many birds and mammals, the first
movement seen by newborns is the mother, and as Spalding observed, the chicks would follow
their mother around as a result
A psychologist’s personal conduct outside a professional setting is subject to the scrutiny of the
profession: - ANSWER A. only if the conduct reflects impairment.
B. when such conduct compromises the psychologists professional responsibilities or reduces
public trust in the profession.
C. at all times, because the code of ethics applies equally to professional and personal conduct.
D. at no time, because only professional conduct falls under the legitimate authority of
professional regulatory bodies and/or ethics committees.
B is correct.
WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following best explains the significant differences between mean IQ scores of
European American and African American undergraduates? – ANSWER A. The difference in the
quality of secondary education for European American and African American students
B. Inherent brain differences between European American and African American students
C. Differences between urban and suburban experiences
D. An inherent bias in IQ tests toward the majority group
Further, there is little consensus regarding the definition of intelligence, the definition of test
bias, the existence of test bias, the types of test biases, the impact of test bias on diverse students,
and the nature and extent of test bias in contemporary or newly re-normed tests. These two
educational fields rely extensively on tests to make educational and placement decisions. In
gifted education, low test scores often prevent diverse students from being identified as gifted
and receiving services; in special education, low test scores often result in identifications such as
learning disabled, mentally retarded, and so forth. Racially and linguistically diverse students
(African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans) are under-represented in gifted
education and over-represented in special education. In one camp, scholars argue that the low test
performance of minority students can be attributed to cultural deprivation or disadvantage(s);
connotatively, this refers to the notion of diverse students being inferior to other students (see
Rushton, 2003). Unfortunately, deficit thinking orientations are present even today (e.g., Ford,
Harris, Tyson, & Frazier Trotman, 2002). For instance, Frasier, García, and Passow (1995), and
Harmon (2002) argued that teachers tend not to refer racially and culturally diverse students to
gifted programs because of their deficit thinking and stereotypes about diverse students. When
the focus is on what diverse students cannot do rather than what they can do, then they are not
likely to be referred for gifted education services.
,In a different camp, scholars argue that minority students are culturally different, but not
culturally disadvantaged or deficient (e.g., Boykin, 1986; Delpit, 1995; Erickson, 2004; Nieto,
1999; Rodriguez & Bellanca, 1996; Shade, Kelly, & Oberg, 1997). These individuals
acknowledge that culture impacts test performance, but they do not equate or associate low
performance with inferiority.
The complex nucleic acids RNA and DNA have been identified as the vehicles that carry the
genetic code. Studies suggest that these nucleic acids may play a role in adaptive behavior as
well, and evidence has been cited for their function in: - ANSWER A. consciousness.
B. memory.
C. social motivation.
D. creativity.
D is correct. Genome-wide copy number variation analysis in extended families and unrelated
individuals characterized for musical aptitude and creativity in music. One study found that an
increased presence of a particular cluster of genes (associated with plasticity in the brain) could
heighten someone’s chance of harboring creative thought – this is because these particular genes
are associated with the brain’s ability to break and form new connections between cells. In
human terms, this genetic makeup can make you a faster learner. Something which is generally
considered to be an asset to creativity, but not a sure-fire root to achieving it.
As Type I (alpha) error increases, power: - ANSWER A. decreases; and as Type II error (beta)
increases, power increases.
B. increases; and as Type II error (beta) increases, power increases.
C. decreases; and as Type II error (beta) increases, power decreases.
D. increases; and as Type II error (beta) increases, power decreases.
,D. is correct. The practical result of this is that if we require stronger evidence to reject the null
hypothesis (smaller significance level = probability of a Type I error), we will increase the
chance that we will be unable to reject the null hypothesis when in fact Ho is false (increases the
probability of a Type II error).
Decreasing the alpha reduces the risk of a Type I error
Decreasing the alpha increases the risk of a Type II error
Increasing sample size decreases beta/ increases power
Increasing power decreases potential for Type II error
One of a psychologist’s undergraduate students reports a desire to terminate therapy with another
clinician and begin a therapeutic relationship with the psychologist. According to ethics codes
published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations, the most appropriate
response to this request is to: - ANSWER A. speak to the current therapist about the students
concerns.
B. encourage the student to discuss the issue with the current therapist.
C. accept the student as a client but arrange to have the students course work graded by another
instructor.
D. obtain the current therapists permission to begin treating the student.
B is correct.
A psychologist refrains from entering into or promising another personal, scientific, professional,
financial, or other relationship with such persons if it appears likely that such a relationship
reasonably might impair the psychologist’s objectivity or otherwise interfere with the
psychologist’s effectively performing his or her functions as a psychologist, or might harm or
exploit the other party. (section 1.17a)
, The attachment of infants to their mothers and fathers, which depends on appropriate parental
response during a brief sensitive period of the infant’s life, is suggestive of: - ANSWER A.
internalization.
B. contact conditioning.
C. habituation.
D. imprinting
D is correct.
The idea of imprinting was discovered by the English biologist Douglas Spalding, who, whilst
observing the behavior of chicks and adult chickens, noted the “stamping in” of the impression
left by the first moving object that a chick saw. Across many birds and mammals, the first
movement seen by newborns is the mother, and as Spalding observed, the chicks would follow
their mother around as a result
A psychologist’s personal conduct outside a professional setting is subject to the scrutiny of the
profession: - ANSWER A. only if the conduct reflects impairment.
B. when such conduct compromises the psychologists professional responsibilities or reduces
public trust in the profession.
C. at all times, because the code of ethics applies equally to professional and personal conduct.
D. at no time, because only professional conduct falls under the legitimate authority of
professional regulatory bodies and/or ethics committees.
B is correct.
