2023/ 2024 ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE EXAM Study Q&A

2023 ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE EXAM Study Q&A 1. 1. QUESTION Which of the following correctly describes the law of segregation? o It states that the hereditary factors segregate independently of one another during gametogenesis. o It states that all the genetic factors are present in the DNA. o It states that the segregation of the dominant trait in the phenotype happens in the hybrid offspring. o It states that allele pairs segregate during gametogenesis and reunite randomly during the fertilization process. It states that allele pairs segregate during gametogenesis and reunite randomly during the fertilization process is the correct answer. The law of segregation states that each pair of alleles segregate randomly during gametogenesis (gamete formation). This means that each gamete (sex cell) receives one copy of a gene (an allele). They later reunite or combine randomly during fertilization. This way, the offspring acquires one allele from each of the parents. The law of dominance states that the offspring will always display the dominant trait in the phenotype by suppressing the recessive trait. The law of independent assortment states that the traits inherited by the offspring are independent of each other. Two or more traits do not influence one another. The law of segregation does not state anything about storing genetic information in the DNA. 2. 2. QUESTION The genotypes of the parents in the Punnett square below can be described as __________. o Heterozygous dominant and homozygous dominant o Homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive o Heterozygous recessive and heterozygous dominant o Heterozygous recessive and homozygous recessive Heterozygous dominant and homozygous dominant is the correct answer. The parents’ genotypes are heterozygous dominant (Rr) and homozygous dominant (RR). We can see this by going across the top (Rr) and down the side (RR). Remember that heterozygous means the offspring has a combination of different alleles, whereas homozygous means that they only have copies of the same exact allele. The genotype contains all dominant alleles. Homozygous dominant (RR) and heterozygous dominant (Rr) suppress the activity of the r allele. Therefore, none of the possible genetic combinations would result in a recessive pairing. There are no homozygous recessive alleles in both parents. One of the parents shows the presence of homozygous dominant alleles but the other one does not contain homozygous recessive alleles. This means that each possible cross will always contain at least one dominant allele, so the dominant trait will be expressed in all of the offspring. 3. 3. QUESTION Which of these bonds would we see between nitrogenous bases? o Ionic bonds o Sulphide bonds o Polar bonds o Hydrogen bonds